Clinical case of associative course of panleukopenia and intestinal yersiniosis in cats

Abstract

The study of the course and manifestation of mixed infections is an important modern problem of both humane and veterinary medicine because their diagnosis is quite complex and time-consuming. The clinical manifestation of double and sometimes triple infection has its characteristics, which depend on various biotic and abiotic factors. To date, it has been proven that the associative course of several infectious diseases is registered more and more often, which confirms the case of simultaneous manifestation of panleukopenia and intestinal yersiniosis in domestic outbred cats. Diagnosis of mixed infection was comprehensive through general clinical and laboratory studies, the use of rapid test systems to confirm the diagnosis of panleukopenia and RNGA with specific yersinia antigens to determine the status of intestinal yersiniosis in cats. The latter was caused by serovar Y. enterocolitica O: 9 with a diagnostic titer of 1: 400. Thanks to microbiological studies, the causative agent of intestinal yersiniosis Y. enterocolitica was isolated. Its biological properties were determined, and antimicrobial sensitivity to enrofloxacin and doxycycline was established against the background of polyresistance to ceftriaxone and tetracycline. During treatment, it was found that the clinical case of intestinal yersiniosis was also due to the simultaneous infection of Y. enterocolitica with two types of serotypes O: 3 and O: 9. Which also have their own specific features. But in most cases, we have different sensitivity to antibacterial drugs, in contrast to the case we described. Clinical signs of the associated course of panleukopenia and intestinal yersiniosis in domestic outbred cats were characterized by prolonged diarrhea, streaks of blood and mucus, apathy, refusal to feed, general weakness. Therapeutic measures containing antibacterial drugs, energy sources, crystalloids, buffer infusions which were aimed at reducing dehydration and maintaining water-salt balance in the complex, were effective, clinical signs of the disease disappeared on the eighth day of treatment, and complete isolation of the pathogen in the environment ceased on the thirteenth day, which indicated the complete recovery of the animal. However, to prevent re-infection, it was recommended to treat disinfectants with care items and utensils. And also to avoid direct contact with animals that have pronounced clinical signs of disease. To prevent the occurrence of panleukopenia, scheduled mass vaccinations with mandatory observance of time limits.

Pathomorphological Changes in Intestinal Yersiniosis in Cats

“…Against this background, the intestinal vessels were excessively blood-filled, lymphodenopathy was observed, and the lymph nodes themselves, on the incision, had signs of serous lymphadenitis. According to the testimony of various researchers (Marsicano, et al, 2020;Truba & Zon, 2021;Chebanyuk, 2013), catarrhal and haemorrhagic processes with a desquamative tendency are detected in various animals with intestinal yersiniosis, less in the stomach, and mainly in the small and large intestines. Cytoarchitectonic changes in the intestine contained signs of catarrh with uneven villi damage.…”

“…The causative agent not only causes inflammation of various parts of the intestine but is also capable of affecting parenchymal organs. The pathogen was isolated from cats with chronic peritonitis (Truba & Zon, 2021). Feline intestinal yersiniosis also revealed inflammation of regional lymph nodes (mainly pharyngeal), fever, arthritis, depression and apathy, anorexia and polydipsia, shortness of breath resulting from pneumonia (pulmonary form, rare), oedema, signs of septic shock, blood clotting disorders (McNally et al, 2000).…”

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“…Against this background, the intestinal vessels were excessively blood-filled, lymphodenopathy was observed, and the lymph nodes themselves, on the incision, had signs of serous lymphadenitis. According to the testimony of various researchers (Marsicano, et al, 2020;Truba & Zon, 2021;Chebanyuk, 2013), catarrhal and haemorrhagic processes with a desquamative tendency are detected in various animals with intestinal yersiniosis, less in the stomach, and mainly in the small and large intestines. Cytoarchitectonic changes in the intestine contained signs of catarrh with uneven villi damage.…”