Canine yersiniosis is currently a scantily researched disease. Two agents predominately cause yersiniosis: Y. enterocolitica (gut yersiniosis), Y. preudotuberculosis (yersiniosis). There are three clinical forms of the disease: intestinal, generalized and secondary-focal. Current available research states the prevalence of Y. enterocolitica against other biovariants in canine infections. The majority of infected dogs demonstrate both asymptomatic clinical course and unspecific symptoms or serve as a carrier. Meanwhile yersiniosis pose a threat to human health causing a severe complex of symptoms. In some cases the disease can be lethal, thus the disease has both epizootological and epidemiological value. The goal of this paper was to generalize clinical signs in dogs that demonstrated positive reaction to Y. enterocolitica antigen 0:9, which is a dominant causative agent of yersiniosis in the northeastern region of Ukraine. The study was conducted based on clinical data, biochemical and hematological laboratory studies. Contamination of canine subjects with Y. enterocolitica 0:9 was conducted using agglutination reaction using respective antigen. The research showed, that the dominant symptoms in canines, affected by Yersinia serovariant 0:9 were gastrointestinal lesions in 100 % of the cases. The clinical signs included melena or bloody stool, general depression, anorexia, cachexia, more rarely – vomiting, tachypnea and breathing irregularities. The results of biochemical blood assays and CBC were heterogeneous and cannot be used as a specific marker of Yersinia infection. The main method of confirmation for Yersinia infection would be a serological agglutination reaction, which can identify positive diagnostic titers in animal blood samples. Further research is planned to study mono- and concurrent course of Yersiniosis with different infectious diseases.
Mammalian yersiniosis is of interest to researchers around the world, due to the expansion of the range of spread of the disease. Most publications of previous years concerned productive animals and the spread of the pathogen in environmental objects. Recently, isolated reports have begun to appear about the isolation of pathogens, yersinioses, from unproductive animals and a rather specific course of diseases. The interest of bacteriologists and epidemiologists is based on the increasingly frequent detection of Y. Enterocolitica pathogen in the body of so-called companion animals, which are often directly in close contact with the host. To date, the possibility of human infection from a bacterial carrier has already been proven. The purpose of this study was to clarify the main vectors of pathogenesis of spontaneous feline intestinal yersiniosis by investigating changes in the architectonics of parenchymal organs. The materials for the study were the internal organs of cats that died as a result of spontaneous intestinal yersiniosis, the diagnosis of which was established based on the clinical picture and the determination of diagnostic titres of antibodies to standard yersiniosis antigens. It was found that the feline disease is mostly asymptomatic, and due to the affinity of many pathogens of yersiniosis in animals and humans, it becomes both epizootological and epidemiological in nature. The most significant pathomorphological changes were found in the organs of cats with intestinal yersiniosis; in the organs of the gastrointestinal tract (stagnant phenomena, uneven damage to intestinal villi, sometimes crypts of the submucosal layer and vascular walls, active cell proliferation in desquamation areas); in the liver, mainly protein dystrophy, local areas of necrobiosis and cytolysis of hepatocytes; in the kidneys, congestive hyperaemia and the development of haemorrhagic diathesis, signs of vascular fragility and diapedesis bleeding, and in the case of chronisation of the process – a response to vascular endothelial damage in the form of migration of mononuclears to the future focus of inflammation; in the spleen and lymph nodes, delymphotisation of white pulp was observed, in other cases, an increase in the number of secondary lymph nodes with the formation of large reactive centres was detected in the spleen.
The paper presents materials on pathomorphological changes in the organs of dogs with intestinal yersiniosis, the disease which is still considered to be predominately asymptomatic. The aim of the study was to determine the main pathomorphological changes in dogs with spontaneous intestinal yersiniosis caused by Y. enterocolitica. To achieve this goal, pathological and pathomorphological studies were performed on 12 corpses of dogs aged 8-22 months between 2017-2020. The specimens had a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of intestinal yersiniosis as a monoinfection, and three of the corpses had complications of infectious hepatitis and two corpses with complications of pseudomonosis. The material for the study was extracted during an autopsy of dogs that died due to acute and rarely chronic spontaneous intestinal yersiniosis, as well as when it was complicated by other infectious diseases. Fixation of pathological material (pieces of lungs, liver, spleen, lymph nodes, stomach, small and large intestine, kidneys) and the manufacturing of paraffin sections were performed according to generally accepted methods. The resulting sections were stained with Karatsi hematoxylin and aqueous solution of eosin. The most significant changes were found in the organs of the gastrointestinal tract (congestive catarrhal-hemorrhagic processes in the acute course and atrophic and productive in the chronic), liver (protein and fat dystrophies, local areas of necrobiosis and cytolysis of hepatocytes), spleen in the kidneys (signs of granular and hyaline-drop dystrophy of the epithelium of the tubules and dystrophic-atrophic processes in the glomeruli), characteristic of septicemia and toxemia. Based on the analysis of literature sources, the results of the study, it was found that intestinal yersiniosis of dogs is a disease that has multiorgan pathology, but due to the similarity of clinical manifestations and lack of specific diagnostic laboratories it is often disguised as other bacterial and viral diseases. The complex of pathomorphological changes in the organs of the deceased animals, taking into account the results of serological and pathological studies, can be considered a basic protocol for diagnosing intestinal yersiniosis in dogs
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