Clinical Assessment of Rosemary-based Toothpaste (Rosmarinus officinalis Linn.): A Randomized Controlled Double-blind Study

Abstract

The present study was to investigate the action of a toothpaste made from the extract of Rosmarinus officinalis Linn. (rosemary) in a clinical randomized, controlled, open and double-blind trial. One hundred and ten volunteers fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were randomly separated into two groups according to the toothpastes used: Group A (experimental) and Group B (control). They were assessed at baseline and 30 days after the study using the gingival bleeding index (GBI) and the plaque index (PI). Data analysis was conducted to calculate the effects of the two toothpastes on gingival bleeding and plaque, using measurements such as the excess relative risk (ERR), the Relative Risk Reduction (RRR), the Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR) and the Number Needed for Treatment (NNT). The two toothpastes provided similar results in terms of the reduction in the risk of gingival bleeding (relative and absolute): a reduction of 38% in Group A, ERR=0.38; a reduction of 29.3% in Group B, ERR=0.293; A and B reduced by 18% ARR=0.18). The reductions in bacterial plaque were also similar (22.7% reduction in Group A, RRR=0.227; 28% reduction in Group B, RRR= 0.28). The number needed for treatment values for bleeding and plaque were A and B NNT=5 and A and B NNT=7, respectively. The rosemary-based toothpaste effectively treated gingival bleeding and reduced bacterial plaque, when compared with conventional toothpaste.

Beneficial Role of Antioxidant Secondary Metabolites from Medicinal Plants in Maintaining Oral Health

“…The chief constituent present in essential oil camphor has an antibiofilm property, which helps to prevent plaque formation [79]. Recently, in vivo study reported a reduction in biofilm by rosemary essential oil and recommended its use in new anti-caries treatment protocols [80].…”

“…Plaque [79], dental caries [80] Results: reduction of 38% in the risk of gingival bleeding (relative and absolute)…”

“…And reductions in bacterial plaque is 22.7% [80] Embelia ribes (Vaibidang) Sri Lanka, China, India, Malaysia [81] Soxhlet extraction and analysis by FT-IR, DSC, UV-visible, NMR, X-ray diffraction, and TGA method. Extraction of essential oil from berries [82] Embelin, embolic acid, rapanone [81] and vilangin [83] The extract of Embelia ribes at a concentration of 500 mg/50 mL reported 12 mm diameter of zone of inhibition against test organism Bacillus subtilis, causing periodontitis and tooth decay [84].…”

Phrulito: “Do Novo Tratamento Odontológico À Revisão Integrativa (Ri)”

“…Nesta perspectiva, Valones et al (2019) realizaram um ensaio clínico randomizado duplo cego, onde avaliaram esse mesmo dentifrício, contendo extrato de Rosmarinus officinalis, comparando-o a um creme dental fluoretado disponível no mercado. Foram aplicadas as medidas de efeito para avaliação dos resultados, onde o dentifrício, contendo extrato de alecrim, demonstrou uma redução nos riscos de sangramento gengival e presença de placa, compatíveis com os do dentifrício do mercado; concluindo assim, que a criação de um dentifrício à base do extrato de alecrim mostrou-se eficiente, consistindo numa alternativa ao controle de placa e sangramento gengival.…”

Evidências do uso de fitoterápicos na odontologia: Uma revisão de literatura

“…O alecrim também foi utilizado na composição de uma pasta de dentes experimental por Valones (2019), os quais relataram que o R.officinalis foi eficaz no controle do sangramento gengival e no combate da proliferação bacteriana, em comparação com os resultados obtidos em um creme dental convencional. Em estudo similar, Gonçalves (2018), desenvolveram dentifrícios para uso adulto, cujos ativos apresentaram importante atividade antibacteriana, quando comparado com os padrões.…”