“…In addition, the excessive soft tissue superimposition associated with the caudocranial horizontal beam projection makes the radiographic landmarks of the proximal portion of the femur and coxofemoral joint difficult to outline precisely, thereby hindering the assessment of FAA. A craniocaudal view, obtained with a horizontal beam directed perpendicular to the femur, with the hip extended has also been used in dogs undergoing total hip replacement . To the best of our knowledge, these alternatives have not been validated.…”