Clinical application of continuous spirometry during equine anaesthesia and in spontaneous breathing, awake horses

Herholz, Cornelia

doi:10.1111/j.2042-3292.2010.00089.x

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…In mechanically ventilated horses, an increase in airway pressure or a decrease in tidal volume may be consistent with a pneumothorax (Moens, 2013). Spirometry in awake horses has been described for functional pulmonary (Herholz, 2010) or upper airway obstruction (Derksen et al., 1986; Dixon et al., 2004) evaluations, but is not routine anaesthesia monitoring for standing sedation procedures. In the case reported here, thoracic ultrasound allowed quick confirmation of pneumothorax occurrence and, therefore, prompt treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Iatrogenic pneumothorax‐induced heart murmur during standing laparoscopy in a 3‐year‐old horse

Fernández-Parra

Losada‐Floriano

Zilberstein

et al. 2022

Equine Veterinary Education

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A 3-year-old Selle Français entire male presented to the Clinique Equine, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, for standing laparoscopic closure of the inguinal rings, to prevent recurrence of a strangulated inguinal hernia. An incidental, iatrogenic pneumothorax was induced during the procedure. Just after the pneumothorax occurred, a heart murmur, not present during the preoperative physical examination, could be auscultated. Relevant echocardiographic examination could not be achieved, due to the air in the thorax. Upon complete resolution of the pneumothorax 2 days later, however, the heart murmur resolved, and no abnormal changes were diagnosed on echocardiographic evaluation. This paper reports the diagnosis and clinical management of an iatrogenic pneumothorax and its associated transient heart murmur.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…for functional pulmonary (Herholz, 2010) or upper airway obstruction (Derksen et al, 1986;Dixon et al, 2004) evaluations, but is not routine anaesthesia monitoring for standing sedation procedures. In the case reported here, thoracic ultrasound allowed quick confirmation of pneumothorax occurrence and, therefore, prompt treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iatrogenic pneumothorax‐induced heart murmur during standing laparoscopy in a 3‐year‐old horse

Fernández-Parra

Losada‐Floriano

Zilberstein

et al. 2022

Equine Veterinary Education

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“…During mechanical ventilation, peak inspiratory pressure of the normal lung is between 20 and 35 cmH 2 0 (Mosing & Senior, 2018). Spirometry monitoring during equine anaesthesia most commonly requires a pitot tube within the breathing circuit and side stream sensing technology (Herholz, 2010; Moens et al., 2009). Breath‐by‐breath pressure–volume and flow‐volume loops are generated for interpretation (Moens, 2010).…”

Section: Advanced Methods Of Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring techniques for equine anaesthesia

Dagnall

Khenissi

Love

2021

Equine Veterinary Education

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The anaesthetist aims to preserve normal physiology of the horse notwithstanding the use of general anaesthetic drugs and pre-existing pathological changes. Provision of analgesia and maintaining an adequate plane of anaesthesia are important alongside monitoring cardiorespiratory performance, response to noxious stimuli and temperature. There are a variety of techniques that subjectively or objectively assess physiological variables, and the results should be interpreted in the context of the anaesthetic protocol. Basic 'hands-on' monitoring of anaesthesia requires no equipment and is a core skill for every anaesthetist. However, as technology advances, many more electronic monitoring options have become available. This review describes how to use specific monitoring techniques, discusses the evidence underpinning them and evaluates their place in clinical practice. Where appropriate, normal and abnormal values are highlighted, although evaluation of trends may be more important in some cases. Regular documentation of variables enables trends to be identified and is key to appropriate early intervention. All basic monitoring techniques that require no equipment, such as ocular and mucous membrane assessment and pulse palpation, are recommended for every general anaesthetic procedure. The use of capnography, pulse oximetry, electrocardiography and blood pressure monitoring devices is recommended where indicated (Martinez et al., 2008), recognising that anaesthesia in horses is performed in a variety of places with different facilities and using various drug combinations.

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“…For equine application, only few spirometers have been described. Some examples include the Fleish pneumotachograph, the ultrasonic-spirometry and the thermal mass flowmeter [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. A piston driven large animal ventilator also measures tidal volume but has been shown to underestimate it by up to 20% [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) to Estimate Tidal Volume in Anaesthetized Horses Undergoing Elective Surgery

Crivellari

Raisis

Hosgood

et al. 2021

Animals

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This study explores the application of electric impedance tomography (EIT) to estimate tidal volume (VT) by measuring impedance change per breath (∆Zbreath). Seventeen healthy horses were anaesthetised and mechanically ventilated for elective procedures requiring dorsal recumbency. Spirometric VT (VTSPIRO) and ∆Zbreath were recorded periodically; up to six times throughout anaesthesia. Part 1 assessed these variables at incremental delivered VT of 10, 12 and 15 mL/kg. Part 2 estimated VT (VTEIT) in litres from ∆Zbreath at three additional measurement points using a line of best fit obtained from Part 1. During part 2, VT was adjusted to maintain end-tidal carbon dioxide between 45–55 mmHg. Linear regression determined the correlation between VTSPIRO and ∆Zbreath (part 1). Estimated VTEIT was assessed for agreement with measured VTSPIRO using Bland Altman analysis (part 2). Marked variability in slope and intercepts was observed across horses. Strong positive correlation between ∆Zbreath and VTSPIRO was found in each horse (R2 0.9–0.99). The agreement between VTEIT and VTSPIRO was good with bias (LOA) of 0.26 (−0.36–0.88) L. These results suggest that, in anaesthetised horses, EIT can be used to monitor and estimate VT after establishing the individual relationship between these variables.

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Clinical application of continuous spirometry during equine anaesthesia and in spontaneous breathing, awake horses

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Iatrogenic pneumothorax‐induced heart murmur during standing laparoscopy in a 3‐year‐old horse

Iatrogenic pneumothorax‐induced heart murmur during standing laparoscopy in a 3‐year‐old horse

Monitoring techniques for equine anaesthesia

Use of Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) to Estimate Tidal Volume in Anaesthetized Horses Undergoing Elective Surgery

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