Clinical and microbiological effects of fixed orthodontic appliances on periodontal tissues in adolescents

Abstract

Treatment with fixed appliances in adolescents may transitionally increase the values of all periodontal indices and stimulate the growth of periodontopathogenic bacteria, but without destructive effects on deep periodontal tissues.

Changes in oral microbiota due to orthodontic appliances: a systematic review

“…[3,4,12,19–21,27–30,32,34,35,42,46,47,50,51,54,57]. Three studies [43,44,48] detected significant increases of gram-negative bacteria, respectively, at 3 and 6 months, followed by a decrease at 6 and 12 months. Ten studies [10,20,21,26,30,37,41,43,44,48] detected an increase in the percentage of gram-bacteria and A. actinomycetemcomitans .…”

“…Three studies [43,44,48] detected significant increases of gram-negative bacteria, respectively, at 3 and 6 months, followed by a decrease at 6 and 12 months. Ten studies [10,20,21,26,30,37,41,43,44,48] detected an increase in the percentage of gram-bacteria and A. actinomycetemcomitans . The study conducted by Alves de Souza et al [10] revealed a significant increase in gram-species with the use of elasticomeric rings (Table 5).…”

“…Oral microbiota alterations registered in orthodontic patients appear to be consistent with the modifications occurring in patients with poor oral hygiene presenting gingivitis and/or periodontal diseases. In addition, orthodontic devices could represent a direct risk factor for periodontal diseases as they are often related to an increase in periodontopathogenic species [24,34,43,44,48]. However, it seems reasonable to state that the susceptibility of each subject, as well as other factors that may alter the biofilm balance, may play a key role in determining the entity of periodontal sequelae.…”

Elevation of a full-thickness mucoperiosteal flap alone accelerates orthodontic tooth movement

“…The animals were fasted for 12-hours and then sedated with an intramuscular injection of ketamine (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24) mg/kg IM) mixed with xylazine (0.22 mg/kg IM). Dental prophylaxis using an ultrasonic scaler irrigated with 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate was performed and bone markers [6 mm long Imtec miniscrew implants (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA)] were placed for radiographic reference.…”

“…2,8,9 With prolonged orthodontic treatment time comes increased risk of root resorption, 10,11 decalcification, 12 and periodontal problems. 13 In an effort to minimize these risks, orthodontists are continually trying to reduce treatment time while providing treatment results equal to or better than those currently being delivered.…”