Clinical and metabolic response to flaxseed oil omega-3 fatty acids supplementation in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

A comparison between the effects of flaxseed oil and fish oil supplementation on cardiovascular health in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease: A randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled trial

“…In another study, omega‐3 fatty acids supplementation (1,080 mg of EPA + 200 mg of DHA) for 12 weeks was effective for reducing CRP levels in women with systemic lupus erythematosus and low disease activity, though had no impact on circulating interleukin 6, interleukin 10, leptin, and adiponectin (Borges et al, ). Our previous study documented that omega‐3 fatty acids supplementation from flaxseed oil at a dosage of 2 g/day for 12 weeks significantly decreased serum hs‐CRP, while increased plasma TAC and GSH in diabetic patients with foot ulcer (Soleimani, Hashemdokht, et al, ). However, in a meta‐analysis conducted by Chen, Wang, Xu, and Chen (), omega‐3 fatty acids supplementation did not have a significant impact on metabolic syndrome components and CRP concentrations among children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.…”

“…Then, participants were randomly assigned into three groups to take either 1,000 mg of flaxseed oil, as the source of omega‐3 fatty acids, containing 400 mg of ALA ( n = 30) or 1,000 mg of fish oil containing 250 mg of EPA and 150 mg of DHA ( n = 30) or placebo (paraffin; n = 30) twice a day for 12 weeks. Due to lack of the evidence about the appropriate dosage of omega‐3 fatty acids for diabetic patients with CHD, we used the above‐mentioned doses of flaxseed oil based on a previous published study in patients with diabetic foot ulcer (Soleimani et al, ) and dose of fish oil based on a similar study conducted in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (Oner & Muderris, ) and healthy man (Tsuchiya, Yanagimoto, Nakazato, Hayamizu, & Ochi, ). Supplements and placebos, prepared in the similar shape and package, were manufactured by Barij Essence Pharmaceutical Company (Kashan, Iran).…”

Guidelines on use of interventions to enhance healing of chronic foot ulcers in diabetes (IWGDF 2019 update)

“…It is recognized that in individuals with DFUs, infection, antimicrobial agent use, and reduced mobility coupled with possible suboptimal glycaemic control may drive a catabolic state leading to protein energy malnutrition as well as inherent inability to optimize macro and micronutrient usage. 109 We found one study on zinc supplementation, 110 one study on magnesium replacement, 111 one on omega-3 supplementation 112 another on the effect of vitamin D replacement on diabetic foot ulceration, 113 and one on the use of probiotics. 114 All observed an apparent benefit from supplementation, on ulcer length, width, and depth as secondary outcome measures.…”

Effectiveness of interventions to enhance healing of chronic foot ulcers in diabetes: a systematic review

“…Another double-blind RCT of 270 patients, at low risk of bias, compared twice daily protein drink (arginine, glutamine, and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate) with a control drink for 16 weeks and did not find a difference in ulcer closure rates or time to healing. 227 We also found RCTs assessing the impact of supplementation with vitamin D, 228 magnesium, 229 zinc, 230 flax seed oil omega-3 fatty acids, 231 and probiotic capsules 232 on DFU healing. Although they all reported statistically significant benefit from the interventions, the studies contained major methodological inconsistencies including the quality of standard care, assessment of compliance during follow-up, reporting of baseline biochemistry, and discrepancies in analytical reporting.…”