Clinical and histopathological evidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma in young patients: systematized review

Abstract

The oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) very often affects subjects above the sixth decade of life. However an increasing incidence has been observed in younger individuals, below 40 years. We conducted a systematized review of the current clinical, histopathological and therapeutic aspects of OSCC in young patients. Our work included studies that addressed OSCC involving young patients in the period 2007-2012, and which were indexed in PubMed. Initially, 499 articles were obtained; after refinement, 340 articles had their titles and abstracts evaluated, with 17 included in the sample. The majority of studies reported male predominance (87.5%), association with tobacco and/ or alcohol use (66.6%), advanced clinical stages at diagnosis (77.7%) and, at histopathology, moderately differentiated tumors (72.7%). Based on the results, we believe there are differences in the factors associated with pathogenesis, biological behavior and prognosis in young patients, since most studies show more rapid and aggressive tumor progression in this age group. We suggest the conduction of research focusing on the pathogenesis and carcinogenesis of OSCC in young patients, thereby searching for better scientific evidence.

Immunohistochemical Expression of TLR-4 and Its Correlation to Various Grades of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

“…Squamous cell carcinoma cases included in the current research, showed that the lateral side of the tongue was the most prevalent site of occurrence followed by the buccal mucosa and the alveolar mucosa. This result is in accordance with many investigators who stated that the tongue was the most common site for squamous cell carcinoma (18)(19)(20). On the other hand, Effiom et al (21) found that most of the examined OSCC cases were presented in the mandibular and maxillary alveolar ridge followed by the tongue.…”

Detection of cervical lymph node micrometastasis and isolated tumor cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma using immunohistochemistry and serial sectioning

“…Studies have shown that LNs measuring more than 20 mm might have reactive hyperplasia without metastasis on histopathological examination. [ 15 ] General policy of elective neck dissection based on clinical TNM staging exposes many OSCC patients to wide neck dissection that may not be necessary. [ 14 16 ]…”

Correlation of serum levo-fucose levels as a biomarker with tumor node metastasis staging in oral cancer patients

“…[ 17 ] Fall in serum fucose levels after treatment has been reported in many studies although it is emphasized that the follow-up period has to be long enough for significant serological alteration. [ 18 ]…”