Clinical and hematological alterations in dogs during experimental envenomation with Crotalus durissus terrificus venom and treated with antiophidic serum

Nogueira, Rosa Maria Barilli; Sakate, M.

doi:10.1590/s1678-91992006000200010

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Coagulation disturbances are secondary to thrombin-related consequences and factor X activation, leading to consumption of coagulation factors as was observed in some animals in the current study [1,17]. Hypothermia is associated with release of histamine and bradykinin and it can be present even at 6 h after venom inoculation [11].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Effects of Mikania glomerata Leaf Extract on Experimental Bothropoides jararaca Envenomation in Wistar Rats

Motta

Nogueira

Floriano

et al. 2017

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Bothropic envenomation represents the most common ophidic accident worldwide, compared to other snakebites of medical interest. Bothropic venom has proteolytic, vasculotoxic, clotting and/or hemorrhagic actions in animals and humans. Mikania glomerata is a plant found in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest with interesting medical properties that may be useful in ameliorating the effects of ophidic venom, and thus, improving response and outcome. Although Mikania is known to act through inhibition of cytolysins in the venom, there is a lack of consistent research data. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of M. glomerata in bothropic envenomation treatment. Materials, Methods & Results: Clinical, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological evaluations were performed following Bothropoides jararaca experimental envenomation in three groups of 18 Wistar rats each. Group VS was inoculated in the pelvic limb via intramuscular injection of bothropic venom and received specific anti-venom serum via intraperitoneal injection. Group VSM was similarly inoculated; it received anti-venom serum and a 10% aqueous extract of the Mikania glomerata plant orally. Group C was the control group and received saline solution alone. Evaluations were performed at 0.5 h (M1), 6 h (M2), and 24 h (M3) after venom inoculation. Animals from both inoculated groups (VS and VSM) showed significant clinical alterations (P < 0.05) manifested as discomfort, uneasiness, pain, and severe edema compared to control animals. Animals from inoculated groups also exhibited statistically significant leukocytosis with neutrophilia, and elevation of blood urea nitrogen and creatine kinase until 6 h after inoculation (P < 0.05 compared to control animals). An acute drop in body temperature was observed 6 h after inoculation (P < 0.05). High levels of creatinine were observed at 6 and 24 h, and plasma protein reduction at almost all evaluation time points (P < 0.05) in both groups compared to that in control. Histopathological evaluation of venom-inoculated animals (groups VS and VSM) showed significant renal hydropic degeneration, acute tubular necrosis, congestion, and hemorrhage (P < 0.05 compared to control). In contrast, animals administered plant extract in addition to anti-venom (group VSM) showed milder muscular fiber regeneration and absence of hemorrhage in the inoculated limb, compared to those that received anti-venom alone (group VS). Overall, there were no statistically significant differences between the inoculated groups (P > 0.05) in terms of edema reduction, pain relief, hematological, biochemical, or histopathological alterations. Discussion: Clinical envenomation symptoms can be explained based on previous reports of bothropic events, where cytolysins such as hyaluronidase, phospholipase A2, and esterases are associated with alterations in cell membrane permeability and release of vasoactive agents. Rhabdomyolysis and muscular necrosis are the main causes of muscular and renal alterations in inoculated grou...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Effects of Mikania glomerata Leaf Extract on Experimental Bothropoides jararaca Envenomation in Wistar Rats

Motta

Nogueira

Floriano

et al. 2017

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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“…The results from this study are in accordance with the findings from other authors that report the same clinical signs in bovine two to six hours after venom inoculation (Belluomini et al 1982, Lago et al 2000, and in dogs two, four and six hours after venom inoculation (Collicchio et al 2002, Nogueira & Sakate 2006. Our study did not show a significant difference between groups VS and VSM, thus differing from the results obtained by Maiorano et al (2005), in which the venom's neurotoxic action was completely inhibited by extracts from fresh or dried roots and stems of M. glomerata.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The diminution in red blood cells, globular volume and hemoglobin after crotalic experimental envenomation is consistent with the hematological findings from Nogueira et al (2007) and Nogueira & Sakate (2006), who observed the same results in dogs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Temperature decrease occurred due to the state of shock and release of vasoactive agents at anaphylaxis, which is consistent with other reports, including hypothermia between six and 24 hours after venom inoculation (Lago et al 2000, Raiser 2002, Nogueira & Sakate 2006. Dyspnea and lower respiratory and cardiac frequencies were seen, especially in animals from group VS, which are related to the crotalic venom's myotoxic and neurotoxic action.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Dyspnea and lower respiratory and cardiac frequencies were seen, especially in animals from group VS, which are related to the crotalic venom's myotoxic and neurotoxic action. This goes along with findings from Amaral et al (1991), Nogueira & Sakate (2006) and Nogueira et al (2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

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Effect of Mikania glomerata (Asteraceae) leaf extract combined with anti-venom serum on experimental Crotalus durissus (Squamata: Viperidae) envenomation in rats

Floriano

Nogueira

Sakate³

et al. 2009

RBT

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Abstract:Crotalic envenomation represents the highest number of deaths when compared to other snakebite envenomations of medical interest. Crotalic venom has important characteristics such as neurotoxicity, myotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and clotting and hemolytic action. We evaluated the clinical and laboratory aspects of Crotalus durissus terrificus experimental envenomation in Wistar rats treated with antivenom and the aqueous extract of the plant Mikania glomerata. The animals were divided into three groups: Group C (control); Group VS-venom and antivenom; Group VSM-venom, antivenom and aqueous extract of M. glomerata. Crotalic poison caused clinical and laboratory alterations in Wistar mice. Significant clinical alterations were: temperature decrease, edema in the venom inoculated member, sedation and a locomotion decrease in groups VS and VSM when compared with group C. A faster recovery from sedation was observed only for animals of group VSM when compared to VS. There was an increase in the number of leukocytes, neutrophils and creatine kinase in the VS and VSM groups, compared to group C. Wistar rats showed a high resistance to crotalic venom. Additional studies with different doses, time of treatment, different administration methods and histopathological and immunological studies are necessary to understand the action of M. glomerata in crotalic accidents. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (4): 929-937. Epub 2009 December 01.

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Experimental envenomation with Crotalus durissus terrificus venom in dogs treated with antiophidic serum - part I: clinical evaluation, hematology and myelogram

Nogueira¹,

Sakate²,

Sangiorgio³

et al. 2007

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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ABSTRACT:The present study aimed at evaluating clinical and laboratory aspects during experimental envenomation by Crotalus durissus terrificus in dogs treated with antiophidic serum. Twenty-one dogs were divided into three groups of seven animals each. Group I received 1mg/kg venom (sc); Group II received 1mg/kg venom (sc), 50mg antiophidic serum (iv), and fluid therapy including 0.9% NaCl solution (iv); and Group III received 1mg/kg venom (sc), 50mg antiophidic serum (iv), and fluid therapy including 0.9% NaCl solution containing sodium bicarbonate diluted to the dose of 4mEq/kg. The clinical signs of ataxia, sedation, flaccid paralysis, mydriasis, eyeball paralysis, mandible ptosis, sialorrhea, vomiting and diarrhea observed in the dogs were very similar to those observed in humans. The decrease in hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocyte, platelet and fibrinogen levels, prolongation of clotting time, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), as well as hypocellularity in the bone marrow characterized anemia, thrombocytopenia and blood incoagulability, as well as hypofibrinogenemia and decreased bone-marrow activity. Important bleeding was not observed. Increased numbers of leukocytes and neutrophils and decreased numbers of lymphocytes and eosinophils characterized an acute inflammatory response and stress caused by generalized pain. The employed antiophidic serum was effective and all animals survived.

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Clinical and hematological alterations in dogs during experimental envenomation with Crotalus durissus terrificus venom and treated with antiophidic serum

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Effects of Mikania glomerata Leaf Extract on Experimental Bothropoides jararaca Envenomation in Wistar Rats

Effects of Mikania glomerata Leaf Extract on Experimental Bothropoides jararaca Envenomation in Wistar Rats

Effect of Mikania glomerata (Asteraceae) leaf extract combined with anti-venom serum on experimental Crotalus durissus (Squamata: Viperidae) envenomation in rats

Experimental envenomation with Crotalus durissus terrificus venom in dogs treated with antiophidic serum - part I: clinical evaluation, hematology and myelogram

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