Clinical and experimental keratitis caused by theColletotrichumstate ofGlomerella cingulataandAcrophialophora fusispora

Shukla, P.K.; Khan, Z.A.; B, Lal; Agrawal, Pawan K.; Srivastava, O. P.

doi:10.1080/00362178385380211

Cited by 39 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…4c (Fig. 1b) in the vicinity of our city (Lucknow, India) and has been encountered after a gap of more than 20 years (18). The other two isolates were identified as a Curvularia sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of PCR Targeting of Internal Transcribed Spacer Regions and Single-Stranded Conformation Polymorphism Analysis of Sequence Variation in Different Regions of rRNA Genes in Fungi for Rapid Diagnosis of Mycotic Keratitis

Kumar

Shukla

2005

J Clin Microbiol

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The increased incidence of fungal infections in the recent past has been attributed to the increase in the number of human immunodeficiency virus-positive and AIDS patients. Early diagnosis of mycoses in patients is crucial for prompt antifungal therapy. Immunological methods of diagnosis have not been found to be satisfactory, and recent research has been diverted to the use of PCR for the sensitive and early diagnosis at the molecular level. In the present study we targeted different regions of the rRNA gene to diagnose cases of mycotic keratitis and identify the causal agents. Six fungus-specific primers (primers ITS1, ITS2, ITS3, ITS4, invSR1R, and LR12R) were used, and the amplified products were analyzed by single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. Dendrograms of these SSCP patterns, prepared on the basis of Jaccard's coefficient, indicated that the PCR products obtained with primer pair ITS1 and ITS2 were the best for the identification of fungi. The results were confirmed by sequencing of the PCR products, and the approach was successfully tested experimentally for the detection of mycotic keratitis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus and was used for the diagnosis of fungal corneal ulcers in patients.Mycotic keratitis or fungal corneal infections have a worldwide distribution, and the incidence is higher in tropical and subtropical countries (8). More than 105 species of fungi belonging to 56 genera have been reported to cause oculomycosis. However, species of Fusarium, Aspergillus, Candida, and other hyaline and dematiaceous hyphomycetes are the usual isolates from patients with mycotic keratitis (20). The management of keratomycosis depends on rapid identification of the causal agent. The diagnosis is often delayed because of the poor availability of infected material from the cornea and the slow growth of a large number of fungi in routinely used culture media, and therefore, early intervention is not always possible and the patient's vision is often lost. In general, the diagnosis of fungal corneal ulcer is dependent on Gram and Giemsa staining, which have low sensitivities of about 50 to 80% (4). Recent advances in molecular biology techniques have opened the door for culture-independent diagnostic methods. Immunological detection (13) and identification by use of distinctive metabolites (2) and nucleic acid probes (7,25) are the tools most often used for diagnosis. One such technique is PCR, which has been shown to be useful for the culture-independent diagnosis of various microbial infections, including mycoses (10,11,22). To date, a few cases of mycotic keratitis have successfully been diagnosed by PCR (5, 6).Ribosomal DNA is the most conserved region in the genome, with capabilities of phylogenetic divergence (14). The whole rRNA gene contains a small subunit (SSU) 18S rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, and a large subunit (LSU) 28S rRNA. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region I (ITSI) and ITSII are more variable than the rest of the ribosomal gene subunits and are found between SSU rRNA and 5.8S ...

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“…4c (Fig. 1b) in the vicinity of our city (Lucknow, India) and has been encountered after a gap of more than 20 years (18). The other two isolates were identified as a Curvularia sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of PCR Targeting of Internal Transcribed Spacer Regions and Single-Stranded Conformation Polymorphism Analysis of Sequence Variation in Different Regions of rRNA Genes in Fungi for Rapid Diagnosis of Mycotic Keratitis

Kumar

Shukla

2005

J Clin Microbiol

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“…One case of an experimental induction of keratitis in rabbits with C. gloeosporioides has been reported (33), but it would seem logical that this group of opportunistic fungi that affect humans would also affect other animals.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…are very rarely known to cause disease. Case reports include mycotic keratitis (22,23,26,31,33), usually after an eye injury. There has been a single case of human subcutaneous hyalohyphomycosis reported to have been caused by C. gloeosporioides (15) and another caused by C. crassipes (6).…”

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confidence: 99%

Disseminated Mycotic Infection Caused by Colletotrichum acutatum in a Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle ( Lepidochelys kempi )

et al. 2002

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Colletotrichum acutatum is a cosmopolitan plant pathogen with a wide host range. While the organism's phytopathogenic potential has been well documented, it has never been reported as an etiologic agent of disease in either animals or humans. In this case, a juvenile Kemp's ridley sea turtle, Lepidochelys kempi, probably with immune compromise following cold stunning (extended hypothermia), developed a disseminated mycotic infection in the lungs and kidneys. Prophylactic treatment with oral itraconazole did not prevent or cure the infection. This report of a Colletotrichum acutatum infection in an animal extends the range of disease caused by this organism beyond that of a phytopathogen.

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“…The latter group of infections generally are reported in immunocompromised hosts (4). The species implicated in human infections include C. dematium (5,8,10,13,15,17,21,32), C. coccodes (reported as C. atramentarium) (18,24,27), C. gloeosporioides (8,20,23,24,30,40), C. graminicola (26,41), C. crassipes (4), C. capsicii (38) (currently named C. truncatum) (7), and an unknown species (8,22). Only a few cases of C. dematium eye infections are reported from India (5, 13-15, 21, 32).…”

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confidence: 99%

Colletotrichum truncatum: an Unusual Pathogen Causing Mycotic Keratitis and Endophthalmitis

Shivaprakash¹,

Appannanavar²,

Dhaliwal³

et al. 2011

J Clin Microbiol

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In recent years, the well-known plant pathogens of the Colletotrichum genus were increasingly reported to cause ophthalmic infections in humans. Among 66 species in the Colletotrichum genus, only a few are known to be pathogenic for humans. We report here five cases of ophthalmic infections due to Colletotrichum truncatum, a species never reported earlier to cause human infection. The isolates were identified by morphological characteristics and the sequencing of internal spacer regions of ribosomal DNA. The progress of lesions in those patients was slow compared to that of lesions caused by Aspergillus or Fusarium infections. The surgical management included total penetrating keratoplasty in patients with keratitis and pars plana vitrectomy in endophthalmitis. Two patients were treated additionally with intravitreal amphotericin B deoxycholate, one patient with oral itraconazole, and another patient with oral and topical fluconazole therapy. The present series therefore highlights the expanding spectrum of agents causing eye infections and the inclusion of C. truncatum as a human pathogen.Colletotrichum species are well-known plant pathogens in tropical and subtropical countries. The taxonomy and nomenclature of Colletotrichum species are confusing, even to scientists working in this field (11). Initially, the species were identified by the characteristic host specificity, location of isolation, and conidial morphology. Subsequently, based on morphological characteristics, host range (of plants), and phylogenetic analysis, the fungi in the genus Colletotrichum were systematically classified.

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Clinical and experimental keratitis caused by theColletotrichumstate ofGlomerella cingulataandAcrophialophora fusispora

Cited by 39 publications

References 22 publications

Use of PCR Targeting of Internal Transcribed Spacer Regions and Single-Stranded Conformation Polymorphism Analysis of Sequence Variation in Different Regions of rRNA Genes in Fungi for Rapid Diagnosis of Mycotic Keratitis

Use of PCR Targeting of Internal Transcribed Spacer Regions and Single-Stranded Conformation Polymorphism Analysis of Sequence Variation in Different Regions of rRNA Genes in Fungi for Rapid Diagnosis of Mycotic Keratitis

Disseminated Mycotic Infection Caused by Colletotrichum acutatum in a Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle ( Lepidochelys kempi )

Colletotrichum truncatum: an Unusual Pathogen Causing Mycotic Keratitis and Endophthalmitis

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