Clinical and Epidemiologic Studies of Cleft Lip and Palate in the Philippines

Abstract

Clinical and epidemiologic studies of defined geographic populations can serve as a means of establishing data important for genetic counseling and as a first step in identifying strategies best suited for identification of causes. Under the sponsorship of Operation Smile International, clinical, genetic, and epidemiologic studies were carried out at six sites within the Philippines between 1989 and 1996. Patients who were being evaluated for surgical repair of craniofacial anomalies (primarily clefts of the lip and palate) were briefly examined for the presence of associated anomalies, and a family history was obtained to look for the frequency of cleft lip and palate in siblings. Birth records of 47,969 newborns over an 8-year period at one hospital in Bacolod City in the province of Negros Occidental were reviewed. Medical records of infants born with clefts of the lip and/or palate and other major anomalies were reviewed and birth prevalence rates calculated. Findings include a birth prevalence of 1.94 per 1000 live births for cleft lip with/without palate in the Philippines. Recurrence rates in siblings for nonsyndromic clefts of the lip and palate were 23 per 1000 for cleft lip with or without cleft palate, and 14 per 1000 for cleft palate only. The percentage of clefts associated with multiple anomalies was 21% at birth and 6% for individuals examined during the screening process, providing evidence for a high postnatal death rate. These data provide groundwork for additional etiologic studies including segregation analysis and molecular genetic studies involving linkage or association, as well as for studies of environmental contributions to clefting such as vitamin deficiencies. Preliminary molecular analysis using an association approach is reported in a companion paper. The findings suggest a high incidence of cleft lip and palate in native-born Filipinos.

Current data on the characterization of oral clefts in Brazil

“…Most studies have indicated higher rates of unilateral clefts compared to bilateral, as the left side is the most commonly affected by clefting [2][3][4][5][6][7]9,[14][15][16][17][18] .…”

“…In relation to the association between clefting and gender, a worldwide trend has been observed towards higher rates of isolated cleft palate among females and higher frequencies of cleft lip with or without cleft palate in males [2][3][4][5][6][7]10,12,[14][15][16][17][18] . Some authors have also made an attempt to observe a possible relationship between race and type of cleft.…”

“…Some authors have also made an attempt to observe a possible relationship between race and type of cleft. Many studies revealed a higher frequency of clefts among caucasian patients in relation to individuals of African descent 6,13,14,19 . A trend towards higher rates of clefts among populations of Asian descent in relation to all other races has also been found 14 .…”

Evaluación in Vitro De La Percolación Apical Con La Técnica De Cono Único Taperizado Y Condensación Lateral

“…[1][2][3] Las hendiduras del labio y/o paladar, afectan aproximadamente de 1 a 5 por 1000 nacidos vivos, con una variabilidad relacionada con el origen geográfico 4 y el estrato socioeconómico. 5 En general, las poblaciones asiáticas y amerindias tienen una alta frecuencia, cerca de 1/500 o más, en las poblaciones caucásicas intermedias hay una prevalencia de 1/1000 nacidos y las poblaciones africanas con la más baja frecuencia de 1/2500 nacidos. 1,4,[5][6][7][8] Se ha encontrado que el labio hendido aislado como la hendidura del labio y paladar son más frecuentes en el género masculino mientras que el paladar hendido aislado tiene mayor prevalencia con el género femenino.…”

“…5 En general, las poblaciones asiáticas y amerindias tienen una alta frecuencia, cerca de 1/500 o más, en las poblaciones caucásicas intermedias hay una prevalencia de 1/1000 nacidos y las poblaciones africanas con la más baja frecuencia de 1/2500 nacidos. 1,4,[5][6][7][8] Se ha encontrado que el labio hendido aislado como la hendidura del labio y paladar son más frecuentes en el género masculino mientras que el paladar hendido aislado tiene mayor prevalencia con el género femenino. A su vez existe mayor prevalencia de las hendiduras en el lado izquierdo.…”