Clinical and electrocardiographic presentations of transient trifascicular block in three cats

Oxford, Eva M.; Giacomazzi, F.; Moı̈se, N. Sydney; Santilli, Roberto A.

doi:10.1016/j.jvc.2018.02.002

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In cats, ventricular escape depolarization rates vary between 100 and 140 bpm [50] and clinical signs are often absent or minimal, suggesting that the presence of severe clinical signs, rather than heart rate, might be an important indicator for PM implantation in this species [50]. In agreement with data in dogs [35], a small percentage of cats are reported to have experienced a regression of third-degree AVB that converted into seconddegree AVB or sinus rhythm [50] and/or a regression of trifascicular block into sinus rhythm [45].…”

Section: Indications For Pacing and Choice Of Pacing Modesupporting

confidence: 56%

“…4). Trifascicular block occurs when the right and left bundle branches are alternately interrupted due to infranodal disease or when a bifascicular block accompanies a nodal block with evidence of AV conduction disturbance [45].…”

Section: Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis Av Conduction Disturbancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In cats, transient AV conduction disturbances (trifascicular block) have been reported associated with concurrent elevations of cTnI concentrations [45]; therefore, acute myocarditis may be suspected as a cause of the AV node conduction disturbances based on elevated cTnI concentrations [45]. The prevalence of myocarditis-related conduction block is unknown in cats [45,46], although cases of myocarditis secondary to Toxoplasma gondii [47], Bartonella henselae [46,48], Streptococcus canis [49], and Borrelia burgdorferi [50] have been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indications for permanent pacing in dogs and cats

Santilli

Giacomazzi²,

Vázquez³

et al. 2019

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

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Pacemaker implantation is considered as a standard procedure for treatment of symptomatic bradycardia in both dogs and cats. Advanced second-degree and third-degree atrioventricular blocks, sick sinus syndrome, persistent atrial standstill, and vasovagal syncope are the most common rhythm disturbances that require pacing to either alleviate clinical signs or prolong survival. Most pacemakers are implanted transvenously, using endocardial leads, but rarely epicardial leads may be necessary. To decide whether a patient is a candidate for pacing, as well as which pacing modality should be used, the clinician must have a clear understanding of the etiology, the pathophysiology, and the natural history of the most common bradyarrhythmias, as well as what result can be achieved by pacing patients with different rhythm disturbances. The goal of this review was, therefore, to describe the indications for pacing by evaluating the available evidence in both human and veterinary medicine. We described the etiology of bradyarrhythmias, clinical signs and electrocardiographic abnormalities, and the choice of pacing modality, taking into account how different choices may have different physiological consequences to selected patients. It is expected that this review will assist veterinarians in recognizing arrhythmias that may require permanent pacing and the risk-benefit of each pacing modality and its impact on outcome. ª

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Section: Indications For Pacing and Choice Of Pacing Modesupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis Av Conduction Disturbancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indications for permanent pacing in dogs and cats

Santilli

Giacomazzi²,

Vázquez³

et al. 2019

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

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“…25 In addition, cats with transient trifascicular block with increased troponin I concentrations have been suspected to have myocarditis. 26 Moreover, the presence of myocarditis before necropsy was performed could not be excluded in the case reported in our paper; however, the histological examination did not reveal any findings suggestive of myocarditis. In humans, age-related idiopathic fibrosis, which is referred to as sclerosis of the left side of the cardiac skeleton, is considered as a common cause of complete AV block.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Long-term management of high-grade atrioventricular block using cilostazol in a cat

Iwasa

Nishii

Takashima

et al. 2019

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports

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Case summary A 12-year-old neutered female domestic shorthair cat was admitted for syncope. Clinical signs and electrocardiography revealed high-grade atrioventricular (AV) block. Treatment with cilostazol ameliorated the clinical signs and arrhythmia. However, the high-grade AV block recurred on several occasions. After 640 days, the cat presented again with clinical deterioration owing to reoccurrence of the arrhythmia and it died 11 days later. Histopathological examination revealed a loss of conduction cells within the His bundle. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the first report of high-grade AV block treated with cilostazol in a cat. Treatment with cilostazol prolonged survival for 650 days without pacemaker implantation. Histological findings suggested that the AV block was related to fibrosis of the impulse conduction system.

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