Clindamycin resistance of skin derived Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is higher in dogs with a history of antimicrobial therapy

Abstract

Background In the Netherlands there is a lack of data regarding resistance of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius to the systemic antimicrobial drugs used for the treatment of superficial pyoderma. Objectives To assess antimicrobial resistance, with emphasis on resistance to clindamycin and meticillin, in clinical isolates of S. pseudintermedius isolated from dogs with superficial pyoderma. Results were compared between dogs with and without a history of systemic antimicrobial therapy during the previous year. Animals A retrospective study of 237 referral cases presented to an academic teaching hospital between 2014 and 2019, with the clinical and microbiological diagnosis of superficial pyoderma. Methods and materials All clinical isolates were identified primarily by MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested either by an agar diffusion method (2014–2016) or by broth microdilution. Antimicrobial history in the preceding year was obtained from medical records. Results Meticillin‐resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) was isolated from 8% of superficial pyoderma cases. Within the meticillin‐susceptible S. pseudintermedius (MSSP) population, clindamycin resistance was significantly more common in isolates derived from dogs with histories of antimicrobial treatment (37.7%) compared to dogs with no histories of exposure (21.7%; P = 0.03). Conclusions Given the high prevalence of clindamycin resistance in MSSP isolated from dogs with prior antimicrobial exposure, it is recommended that bacterial culture and susceptibility testing be pursued before prescribing systemic antimicrobials. Clindamycin should be regarded as the preferred treatment option if susceptibility is confirmed, due to its narrow spectrum and reduced selective pressure for MRSP.

In vitro efficacy of 0.2% and 0.4% sodium oxychlorosene against meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

“…2,3 Increased use of systemic antimicrobials in dogs has been associated with an increase of skin infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. [4][5][6] The prevalence of meticillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) isolated from dogs has increased and has become a major clinical challenge. [2][3][4]7 Meticillin resistance most commonly is due to the presence of a mecA gene which encodes a low-affinity penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a) that confers resistance to all betalactam drugs.…”

“…Current recommendations for treatment of superficial pyoderma prioritize topical therapy and systemic antimicrobials are frequently used as monotherapy or in conjunction with topical therapy 2,3 . Increased use of systemic antimicrobials in dogs has been associated with an increase of skin infections caused by antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria 4–6 . The prevalence of meticillin‐resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) isolated from dogs has increased and has become a major clinical challenge 2–4,7 .…”

Investigation on the Effect of Dose, Frequency and Duration of Allergen Exposure on Development of Staphylococcal Infections in a Chronic Model of Canine Atopic Dermatitis

“…These bacterial infections can play a significant role in aggravating the severity of the disease [1][2][3]. Due to the increased prevalence of resistant staphylococcal infections in dogs [4][5][6], it is important to understand which factors are most critical in triggering a Staphylococcal infection with the goal to minimize them. Allergen exposure in atopic dogs sensitized to a certain allergen is known to trigger clinical flares, and staphylococcal infections are frequently associated with those flares.…”

Alternative Anti-Infective Treatments to Traditional Antibiotherapy against Staphylococcal Veterinary Pathogens

“…Moreover, other species have emerged as opportunistic pathogens such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus , Staphylococcus haemolyticus , Staphylococcus lugdunensis , Staphylococcus hycius, and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius , among others. In particular, S. pseudintermedius is a common cause of pyoderma in dogs and other animals [ 2 , 8 , 9 ]. In farm animals, coagulase-negative staphylococci such as Staphylococcus chromogenes are commonly causing subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle [ 10 ].…”