Climatic Factors Impacting Leishmaniasis Risk in a Global View

Abstract

Leishmaniasis is a complex disease comprised of multiple organisms in association. Each of these organisms responds differently to external factors. The environmental and socio-economic associations contribute to the dynamics and emergence of leishmaniasis across the globe. Ecological dynamics of the vector-parasite-host system of leishmaniasis influenced directly and indirectly both human and animal health. The transitions and rapid climate and socio-economic changes caused a transition of emergence and re-emergence of leishmaniasis outbreaks. The pattern of changes is influenced by the distribution and abundance as well as the spatial dynamics of vector and reservoirs species, which in turn disrupts ecosystem structure of vector and parasite. In Morocco, leishmaniasis are endemic and constitute a major public health threat. The observations showed significant variations in its spatial distribution and forms through Morocco with increase in the number of recorded cases during the last couple of years. Here, the authors discuss disease change related to climate and socio-economic influence.