Climatic Aging of Aviation Polymer Composite Materials: I. Influence of Significant Factors

Каблов, Е. Н.; Startsev, V.O.

doi:10.1134/s0036029520040102

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The development of composites, especially those performing critical functions in construction, is associated with extensive research into the properties of materials, usually destructive [ 9 ]. Such research includes specialized and most often standardized tests and measurements, each serving to obtain data on a specific material property—such as destructive deformation, modulus of elasticity, susceptibility to the action of a corrosive agent, and similar [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nondestructive Evaluation of Tensile Stress-loaded GFRPs Using the Magnetic Recording Method

Łukaszuk,

Chady,

Żwir

et al. 2024

Materials

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This paper presents the results of inspecting tensile stress-loaded GFRP (glass fiber-reinforced polymer) samples using the Magnetic Recording Method (MRM). The MRM can be utilized solely to examine ferromagnetic materials. The modification was proposed in order to examine nonmagnetic composites. Ferromagnetic strips made of low-carbon steel DC01 were bonded to the surface using an adhesive composed of epoxy resin with the addition of triethylenetetramine. The modified method’s feasibility was tested on six samples made of GFRP. The research procedure consisted of three steps. In the first step, a metal strip is glued at the top surface of each sample, and an array of 100 cylindrical permanent magnets is used to record a sinusoidal magnetic pattern on the strip. The initial residual magnetization is measured in the second step, and the samples are subjected to static stress. In the third step, the residual magnetization is measured one more time. Ultimately, the measurement results from the second and third steps are compared. Generally, the applied stress causes changes in the amplitude and frequency of the sinusoidal magnetization pattern. In the case of GFRP, the frequency changes have not been used for evaluation due to minimal variations. The statistical parameters (mean, median, max, and mode) of the RMS (root mean square) value of the sinusoidal pattern were calculated and analyzed. The analysis demonstrates that the modified method is suitable for providing unequivocal and exact information on the load applied to a nonmagnetic composite material. For the presented results, the applied load can be assessed unambiguously for the samples elongated up to 0.6%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nondestructive Evaluation of Tensile Stress-loaded GFRPs Using the Magnetic Recording Method

Łukaszuk,

Chady,

Żwir

et al. 2024

Materials

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“…[ 3 , 4 ]. Since the very beginning of the application of PCMs in various branches of engineering, prediction of their durability at aging has been the focus of attention for numerous researchers, and still remains an important problem [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Factors in external environments causing the aging of PCMs are the temperature and humidity of air, precipitation, oxygen, ozone, presence of chemically active compounds, and the ultraviolet (UV) radiation of the sun [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of aging depends on the place of exposure, composition of PCMs, and the measured parameter of interest. As a rule [ 5 , 13 ], the shear strength τ and bending strength σ b are more sensitive to climatic influences than the tensile strength σ t . For example, carbon plastics are more resistant to aggressive climatic influences than organoplastics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contributing Factors of Uneven Climatic Aging for Polymeric Composite Materials: Methods and Modelling

et al. 2023

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Regarding a wide variety of PCMs, the materials’ strength properties which decrease no more than 20% after 30 years of operation are of special interest. One of the important regularities of the climatic aging of PCMs is the formation of gradients of mechanical parameters across the thickness of the plates. The occurrence of gradients must be taken into account when modeling the strength of PCMs for long periods of operation. At present, there is no scientific basis for the reliable prediction of the physical-mechanical characteristics of PCMs for a long period of operation in the world of science. Nevertheless, “climatic qualification” has been a universally recognized practice of substantiating the safe operation of PCMs for various branches of mechanical engineering. In this review, the influence of solar radiation, temperature, and moisture according to gradients of mechanical parameters across the thickness of the PCMs are analyzed according to the data of dynamic mechanical analysis, linear dilatometry, profilometry, acoustic emission, and other methods. In addition, the mechanisms of uneven climatic PCM aging are revealed. Finally, the problems of theoretical modeling of uneven climatic aging of composites are identified.

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“…Under the influence of these factors, destruction, hydrolysis, additional hardening, swelling, plasticization, structural relaxation and other physicochemical transformations occur in them, which accelerate or slow down the changes in their mechanical parameters [16]. In recent years, an in-depth analysis of significant factors affecting the properties of PCM has been carried out [5,[17][18][19][20][21][22]; however, when discussing the regularities observed, an insufficient attention is paid to such an important factor of influence as the action of internal stresses [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Internal Stresses on the Aging of Polymer Composite Materials: a Review

Каблов

Startsev

2021

Mech Compos Mater

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The formation of internal stresses in polymer composite materials (PCMs) caused by different elastic moduli and thermal expansion coefficients of polymer resin and reinforcing fibers, as well as by swelling due to the moisture uptake is discussed. The influence of thermal cycles on the internal stresses and strength of the materials was studied in dry and wet atmospheres. It shown that thermal cycles cause a periodic jumps in the stresses at lowfrequency mechanical loadings, during which the mechanical properties are degraded due to the formation of microscopic cracks in the polymer matrix. The relative changes in the strength, elastic modulus, glass-transition temperatures, moisture diffusion coefficient, and other PCM physical characteristics are proportional to the logarithm of the number of cycles and also depend on the form and size of specimens, amplitude, conditions, and length of thermal cycles. A prolonged action of external actions relaxes the internal stresses and reduces their influence on the aging of PCMs.

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Climatic Aging of Aviation Polymer Composite Materials: I. Influence of Significant Factors

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

Nondestructive Evaluation of Tensile Stress-loaded GFRPs Using the Magnetic Recording Method

Nondestructive Evaluation of Tensile Stress-loaded GFRPs Using the Magnetic Recording Method

Contributing Factors of Uneven Climatic Aging for Polymeric Composite Materials: Methods and Modelling

The Influence of Internal Stresses on the Aging of Polymer Composite Materials: a Review

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