The Influence of Internal Stresses on the Aging of Polymer Composite Materials: a Review

Каблов, Е. Н.; Startsev, V.O.

doi:10.1007/s11029-021-09979-6

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Along with higher brittleness at low temperatures, freeze-thaw circles are shown to fasten the plastic material aging (e.g., (Kablov and Startsev, 2021)), while ice formation inside cracks favours mechanical fracture of the items. These effects should lead to much higher plastic fragmentation rates in polar oceans.…”

Section: Polymer Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical processes behind interactions of microplastic particles with natural ice

Chubarenko

2022

Environ. Res. Commun.

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Microplastic particles (MPs, <5 mm) are found in marine ice in larger quantities than in seawater, however, the distribution pattern within the ice cores is not consistent. To get insights into the most general physical processes behind interactions of ice and plastic particles in cool natural environments, information from academic and applied research is integrated and verified against available field observations. Non-polar molecules of common-market plastics are hydrophobic, so MPs are weak ice nucleators, are repelled from water and ice, and concentrate within air bubbles and brine channels. A large difference in thermal properties of ice and plastics favours concentration of MPs at the ice surface during freeze/thaw cycles. Under low environmental temperatures, falling in polar regions below the glass / brittle-ductile transition temperatures of the common-use plastics, they become brittle. This might partially explain the absence of floating macroplastics in polar waters. Freshwater freezes at the temperature well below that of its maximum density, so the water column is stably stratified, and MPs eventually concentrate at the ice surface and in air bubbles. In contrast, below growing sea ice, mechanisms of suspension freezing under conditions of (thermal plus haline) convection should permanently entangle MPs into ice. During further sea ice growth and aging, MPs are repelled from water and ice into air bubbles, brine channels, and to the upper/lower boundaries of the ice column. Sea ice permeability, especially while melting periods, can re-distribute sub-millimeter MPs through the brine channels, thus potentially introducing the variability of contamination with time. In accord with field observations, analysis reveals several competing factors that influence the distribution of MPs in sea ice. A thorough sampling of the upper ice surface, prevention of brine leakage while sampling and handling, considering the ice structure while segmenting the ice core – these steps may be advantageous for further understanding the pattern of plastic contamination in natural ice.

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Section: Polymer Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical processes behind interactions of microplastic particles with natural ice

Chubarenko

2022

Environ. Res. Commun.

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“…To clarify the causes of PCM aging the following effects are usually studied: plasticization of polymer matrices by atmospheric moisture [ 33 , 34 ]; swelling (increase in thickness) of samples when adsorbing moisture [ 35 ]; destruction of polymer matrices affected by solar UV radiation and air oxygen [ 32 , 36 ]; hydrolysis of polymer matrices affected by moisture [ 37 , 38 , 39 ]; recoating of polymer matrixes under the influence of temperature and the plasticizing effect of moisture [ 20 , 39 , 40 ]; misorientation of organic fibers affected by solar UV radiation, thermal and moisture cycling, and mechanical loads [ 39 ]; structural relaxation and shrinkage of the fibers forming the frame of the reinforcing filler [ 20 , 39 , 40 ]; physical aging and structural relaxation of polymer matrices [ 41 , 42 ]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributing Factors of Uneven Climatic Aging for Polymeric Composite Materials: Methods and Modelling

et al. 2023

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Regarding a wide variety of PCMs, the materials’ strength properties which decrease no more than 20% after 30 years of operation are of special interest. One of the important regularities of the climatic aging of PCMs is the formation of gradients of mechanical parameters across the thickness of the plates. The occurrence of gradients must be taken into account when modeling the strength of PCMs for long periods of operation. At present, there is no scientific basis for the reliable prediction of the physical-mechanical characteristics of PCMs for a long period of operation in the world of science. Nevertheless, “climatic qualification” has been a universally recognized practice of substantiating the safe operation of PCMs for various branches of mechanical engineering. In this review, the influence of solar radiation, temperature, and moisture according to gradients of mechanical parameters across the thickness of the PCMs are analyzed according to the data of dynamic mechanical analysis, linear dilatometry, profilometry, acoustic emission, and other methods. In addition, the mechanisms of uneven climatic PCM aging are revealed. Finally, the problems of theoretical modeling of uneven climatic aging of composites are identified.

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“…In carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites, while the carbon fiber provides strength and stiffness, the polymer matrix is responsible for effective load transfer, providing protection, and holding the fiber together. [1][2][3] However, various environmental conditions such as temperature, 4,5 thermal spikes, 6 thermal aging, 7,8 hydrothermal aging, [9][10][11] hygrothermal aging, 12,13 thermal shock 14,15 and UV-rays 16,17 can have decremental effects on the properties of CFRP composites. 18 The CFRP laminated composite with a bi-directional carbon fiber mat has exceptional mechanical properties in the in-plane direction but lacks in the out-of-plane performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergetic impact of both fiber surface grafting and matrix modification by carbon nanotubes and functionalized carbon nanotubes on the flexural behavior of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites: An assessment at cryo‐, room‐, and elevated‐ in situ temperature conditions

Yadav

Nayak

Fulmali

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this article, the carbon fiber reinforced vinyl ester (CVE) composite was modified with pristine and functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs/FCNTs) using the in situ polymerization and electrophoretic deposition (EPD) techniques: individually and using both simultaneously. Their influence on the flexural properties of the composites at room (RT), cryogenic (−196°C) (CT), and elevated (70°C) (ET) temperatures were compared. Through matrix modification, the best flexural strength with CNT and FCNT modified composites was found to be 6.2% and 9.9% higher over neat CVE composite. Similarly, following the EPD technique, the optimum flexural strength enhancement with CNT and FCNT was recorded to be 10.3% and 13.8% with respect to the control composite respectively. A synergetic impact could be noticed by combining both the techniques together, where the flexural strength of the hierarchical composite with FCNT modification was improved by ~22%, ~25%, and ~ 6% higher than that of control CVE at RT, CT and ET respectively. The dispersion quality of nanotubes in the matrix and on the carbon fiber surface, and fractured surface morphology is analyzed using a SEM.

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The Influence of Internal Stresses on the Aging of Polymer Composite Materials: a Review

Cited by 16 publications

References 67 publications

Physical processes behind interactions of microplastic particles with natural ice

Physical processes behind interactions of microplastic particles with natural ice

Contributing Factors of Uneven Climatic Aging for Polymeric Composite Materials: Methods and Modelling

Synergetic impact of both fiber surface grafting and matrix modification by carbon nanotubes and functionalized carbon nanotubes on the flexural behavior of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites: An assessment at cryo‐, room‐, and elevated‐ in situ temperature conditions

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