Climate Diagnostics from Global Analyses: Conservation of Mass in ECMWF Analyses

Trenberth, Kevin E.

doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1991)004<0707:cdfgac>2.0.co;2

Cited by 262 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…There are some significant obstacles, however. As noted by Trenberth (1991), dry air mass is not necessarily conserved in the numerical analyses. This would necessitate a correction procedure to the divergent wind field.…”

Section: Computations and Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

The annual cycle and interannual variability of atmospheric pressure in the vicinity of the North Pole

Cullather

Lynch

2003

Intl Journal of Climatology

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A comparison of National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis six-hourly sea-level pressure data with former Soviet drifting station observations over the central Arctic Basin reveals high monthly correlations throughout the period 1950-91, but also a preferred winter season negative bias of about 1.4 hPa. Using the reanalysis, supplemented by Arctic Ocean Buoy Program fields and in situ observations, a generalized depiction of the annual cycle of pressure fields over the Arctic may be constructed. Above the Canada Basin-Laptev Sea side of the Arctic, the annual cycle of surface pressure is dominated by the first harmonic, which has an amplitude of about 5 hPa and maximum pressure occurring in March. Along the periphery of northern Greenland and extending to the North Pole, a weak semiannual cycle is found in surface pressure with maxima in May and November. The presence of the semiannual variation over time is highly variable.Dynamically, this progression of the annual cycle may be attributed to the transfer of atmospheric mass from Eurasia and into the Canadian Archipelago in spring and the reverse condition in autumn. Over the central Arctic Basin, springtime pressure increases result from an enhanced poleward mass transport from Eurasia. An increase of equatorward transport over the Canadian Archipelago in May and June results in central Arctic pressure decreases into summer. A less distinct temporal separation between the poleward Canadian transport and the equatorward Eurasian transport results in the weaker second pressure maximum in autumn.On interannual time-scales, atmospheric mass over the central Arctic is exchanged with the storm track centres of action in the North Atlantic and North Pacific. In particular, the large decrease in central Arctic Basin sea-level pressure during the late 1980s is due to a large transfer of atmospheric mass into the North Pacific.

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Section: Computations and Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

The annual cycle and interannual variability of atmospheric pressure in the vicinity of the North Pole

Cullather

Lynch

2003

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…Before 1980 the operational analyses did not permit a realistic evaluation of the hydrological cycle [Rosen and Salstein, 1980]. Trenberth [1991] studied the moisture budget from the ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) data and obtained realistic patterns. Trenberth and Guillemot [1995] evaluated and compared the hydrological cycle in the NMC (National Meteorological Centre) and ECMWF analyses and noted relative differences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trenberth [1991] studied the moisture budget from the ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) data and obtained realistic patterns. Trenberth and Guillemot [1995] evaluated and compared the hydrological cycle in the NMC (National Meteorological Centre) and ECMWF analyses and noted relative differences. Rasmusson and Mo [1996] found that the hydrological cycle derived from the NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) operational products Copyright 1998 by the American Geophysical Union.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moisture budget in the tropics and the Walker circulation

Rao¹,

Chapa²,

Cavalcanti³

1998

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Following the seminal works on global water budget studies (Trenberth 1991(Trenberth , 1999Oki et al 1995;Trenberth and Guillemot 1998), we have attempted to understand the atmospheric water balance over South Asia. The objectively reanalysed gridded four-dimensional datasets (like JRA-25, ERA-40 and NCEP/NCAR) give us a great opportunity to study water balance on global and regional scales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-Space Characteristics of Seasonal and Interannual Variations of Atmospheric Water Balance over South Asia

Venkatraman

Yasunari

2009

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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The atmospheric water balance over di¤erent domains within the South Asian monsoon region has been studied using moisture convergence ðCÞ computed from JRA-25, ERA-40 and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis datasets, GPCP precipitation data ðPÞ and evaporation data ðEÞ as a residual of these two parameters. The seasonal climatology of P, C, and E for the selected regions shows generally large contribution of E to P. The inter-annual characteristics of P, C and E over selected key domains within the South Asian monsoon region have also been examined for both the early (June and July: JJ) and late summer (August and September: AS) monsoon periods from 1979 to 2000. The spatial and temporal characteristics of the hydrological cycle and the contribution of E and C to P are discussed in detail. One important aspect on the seasonal timescale is that from the dry regions in the northwest to the central and the wettest northeast regions, the monthly variations of E or C are large during the monsoon months specific to those regions. However, the interannual variability of P over each domain is not necessarily influenced by the same criteria like C or E, which influences the mean seasonal precipitation. It is also evident that the structure of variability for early (JJ) and late (AS) summer precipitation is di¤erent over the South Asian monsoon region. Over northwest India E is dominant on the seasonal timescale, but C contributes higher to interannual variability of P. On the other hand, over central India C is dominant during early summer (JJ) on the seasonal timescale, but E contributes higher to P variability on the interannual timescale, and during late summer (AS) E is dominant on the seasonal timescale, but C contributes higher to P variability on the interannual timescale. Over northeast India, C is dominant on the seasonal timescale, but E contributes higher to interannual variability of P. The importance of land-atmosphere interaction over each domain is discussed. The regionality in the mechanism of precipitation generation and its contribution to the India summer monsoon precipitation variability are also discussed in detail. The role of evaporation variability of precipitation is stronger over the Bay of Bengal sector and the role of convergence on the interannual variability of precipitation is stronger over the Arabian Sea sector.

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Climate Diagnostics from Global Analyses: Conservation of Mass in ECMWF Analyses

Cited by 262 publications

References 14 publications

The annual cycle and interannual variability of atmospheric pressure in the vicinity of the North Pole

The annual cycle and interannual variability of atmospheric pressure in the vicinity of the North Pole

Moisture budget in the tropics and the Walker circulation

Time-Space Characteristics of Seasonal and Interannual Variations of Atmospheric Water Balance over South Asia

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