Climate Changes of the Temperature of the Surface and Level of the Black Sea by the Data of Remote Sensing at the Coast of the Krasnodar Krai and the Republic of Abkhazia

Abstract

<jats:p>Climate changes in the Black Sea basin and its water area are reflected in changes in the main parameters of the sea state: sea level and sea surface temperature (SST). To study these changes, satellite altimetry and radiometry data were used that allow analyzing the spatial-temporal variability of the interannual rate of change of these parameters over a long time interval. To study the spatial-temporal variability of the rate of SST climatic variability used remote sensing data for two intervals in 1982–2015 and 1993–2015. The results of the study showed that over the time interval 1982–2015 that the SST near the coast of the Krasnodar Krai increase at an average rate of 0.079±0.005°C/yr, and the coast of the Republic of Abkhazia at a rate of 0.072±0.002°C/yr. At the same time, the growth rate of SST decreased from the Kerch Strait (0.082° C/yr) to Adler(0.076 °C/yr), and along the coast of the Republic of Abkhazia decreased from Adler (0.076°C/yr) to Ochamchire (0.071°C/yr). In the shorter time interval of 1993-2015, which coincided with the time interval for the study of the rate of measurement of the Black Sea level, the rate of change in SST also decreased in the direction from the Kerch Strait to the border with Georgia. The results showed that for the time interval of 1993–2015. Sea level off the coast of the Krasnodar Krai increase at an average rate of 0.29±0.03 cm/yr, and the coast of the Republic of Abkhazia – at a rate of 0.27±0.02 cm/yr. The rate of increase in the level of the Black Sea increased from the Kerch Strait (0.28 cm/yr) to Adler (0.31 cm/yr), and along the coast of the Republic of Abkhazia, on the contrary – decreased from Adler (0.31 cm/yr) Up to Ochamchira (0.24 cm/yr).</jats:p>

Sea surface temperature change in the Black Sea under climate change: A simulation of the sea surface temperature up to 2100

“…A drastically change in SST due to anthropogenic activities might severely damage high‐primary production and high‐biodiversity marine ecosystems, such as the Black Sea. The long‐term trends in the Black Sea's SST show a remarkable increase during the last century (Ginzburg et al ., ; Nardelli et al ., ; Shapiro et al ., ; Lebedev et al ., ). Climate changes at the regional scale affect the primary producer, as well as low‐altitude fish stocks (Brander, ), and can result in invasion and extinction events (Cheung et al ., ).…”

Study of Ecosystem of the Sukhum Bay With Emphasis Anthropogenic Impact, Abkhazian Black Sea Coast

“…Research studies on the Abkhazian Black Sea shelf of the have been carried out until the mid-1980s and they were discontinued completely in early 1990s due to USSR collapse and Georgian-Abkhazian war. Nowadays, separate sets of data on several hydrophysical, hydrochemical and hydrobiological parameters on along deep-water shelf of the Republic of Abkhazia by various scientific bodies (Matishov et al, 2014;Kostianoy et al, 2017;Lebedev et al, 2017) show many gaps, and still do not give a definite holistic evaluation of real ecological status of the most polluted port and recreational tourist coastal areas. Sukhum is the capital of the Republic of Abkhazia, which is known as an important seaport, a world-famous resort and one of the most popular tourist cities of ex-USSR.…”

Temporal variations of the Black Sea level from remote sensing data

“…The spatial correlation between SLA (sea level anomaly) and SST (sea surface temperature) was found earlier [11]. Using spatio-temporal data, we study the temporal correlation here.…”