This study was carried out to determine the proximate, fatty acid, cholesterol, mineral and trace element compositions of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), which is commonly consumed in Turkey. The moisture, protein, lipid and ash contents of the rainbow trout were 71. 65, 19.60, 4.43 and 1.36%, respectively. Total lipids were mainly characterized by low cholesterol levels (35.04 mg/100 g). The composition of fatty acids showed that total monounsaturated fatty acids (35.56%) were the highest, followed by saturated fatty acids (27.65%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (23.09%). The mineral and trace elements determined were Ca, Na, K, P, Mg, Mn, Zn, Fe, Pb, Hg, As, Cd, Cu, Ni and Co. Among the minerals analyzed, K was the highest followed by Mg, Na, P and Ca. The most abundant trace elements were Co, Cu, Zn followed by Fe, and all trace elements were present in amounts below the limits proposed by the World Health Organization and the Turkish Food Codes for human consumption in the meat of rainbow trout. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis investigation provides practical and useful information on the chemical composition of rainbow trout, which is widely consumed in Turkey. CorrespondingThese results will be important for the fishing industry, nutritionists, investigators for improving processing and marketing. It is also helpful for similar academic studies and to prepare tables of compositions of food. 52M. CELIK ET AL.

Age and growth of the common guitarfish (Rhinobatos rhinobatos) were estimated from the north-eastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey. A total of 115 common guitarfish (66 females and 49 males) were sampled. Age determinations were carried out using vertebral sections. Alcian blue dying techniques were used to enhance the visibility of the band on vertebrae. The techniques have been used for the first time on elasmobranchs vertebrae successfully in this study. A total of 97 vertebrae of 115 were visible on the vertebral band in this study. Male and female common guitarfish ranged in age from 1 to 15 and 1 to 24 y respectively. Total length ranged from 42 to 147 cm for females and 39 to 124 cm for males.The relationships between total length (TL) and total weight (TW) were presented as TW ¼ 0.0014*TL 3.1672 (R 2 ¼ 0.98) for females, TW ¼ 0.0012*TL 3.1947 (R 2 ¼ 0.98) for males and TW ¼ 0.0012*TL 3.1915 (R 2 ¼ 0.98) for both sexes. The parameters for von Bertalanffy growth curves were estimated as L inf ¼ 137.70 + 9.38 cm, K ¼ 0.159 + 0.047, to ¼ 2 2.180 + 0.90 for pooled data.

According to reports, the following 16 species have extended their distribution to other Mediterranean areas or have made a new appearance in other regions. The first category includes the following organisms: The rare and common Indo-Pacific seaweed Codium arabicum (Lebanese coasts), the acari Thalassarachna affinis (Marmara Sea), and the non-indigenous nudibranch Flabellina rubrolineata, which has been found in several areas of the Aegean Sea. In addition, the rare sea slug Thecacera pennigera (Mar Piccolo of Taranto), the fangtooth moray Enchelycore anatina (National Marine Park of Zakynthos, Ionian Sea), the carangid Seriola fasciata (Gulf of Antalya), Lagocephalus sceleratus (SE Ionian Sea), the reticulated leatherjacket Stephanolepis diaspros (Slovenia, N. Adriatic Sea), the marbled stingray, Dasyatis marmorata (NE Levantine), the starry smooth-hound Mustelus asterias (Iskenderun Bay, NE Mediterranean), the cephalopod Ommastrephes bartramii (Ionian Sea) have also been reported. The Atlantic crab Dyspanopeus sayi has expanded to many Italian areas and the blue crab Callinectes sapidus to a lake in N. Greece and in the S. Adriatic Sea. Finally, Farfantepenaeus aztecus has been found in the Ionian Sea, thus showing its wide expansion in the Mediterranean. The larval stages of Faccionella oxyrhyncha have been found, after many years, in the Aegean Sea and the first report of an existence on intersexual acari Litarachna duboscqi in Split (Adriatic Sea) was reported.

Summary Presented are length–weight relationships for Rhinobatos rhinobatos, Rhinobatos cemiculus, Gymnura altevela, Dasyatis pastinaca, Rhinoptera marginata, Pteromylaeus bovinus, Torpedo nobiliana, Raja miraletus and Raja clavata captured by gillnet, longline and bottom trawl fishing between May 2010 and July 2011 off the east coast of Iskenderun Bay, Turkey.

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A checklist of non-indigenous marine fishes including bony, cartilaginous and jawless distributed along the Turkish Marine Waters was for the first time generated in the present study. The number of records of non-indigenous fish species found in Turkish marine waters were 101 of which 89 bony, 11 cartilaginous and 1 jawless. In terms of occurrence of non-indigenous fish species in the surrounding Turkish marine waters, the Mediterranean coast has the highest diversity (92 species), followed by the Aegean Sea (50 species), the Marmara Sea (11 species) and the Black Sea (2 species). The Indo-Pacific origin of the non-indigenous fish species is represented with 73 species while the Atlantic origin of the non-indigenous species is represented with 22 species. Only first occurrence of a species in the Mediterranean, Aegean, Marmara and Black Sea Coasts of Turkey is given with its literature in the list.

Surface temperature of the Black Sea increased due to climate change during the 20th century and continues to rise. Here we present by in situ data‐corrected remote‐sensed SST data covering a 34‐year period (1982–2015). Using a linear black box model, we predicted the Black Sea surface temperature (SST) up to 2100. During the 34‐year study period, we detected a 0.64 °C increase in SST per decade. The largest monthly fluctuations in SST were during late summer (August) and autumn (November). The rate of SST increase has almost caught up with the worst climate change scenario for the future. At the end of this century, the relative increase in average Black Sea SST is predicted to be 5.1 °C. In summary, our data show sea surface warming during recent decades, and we predict that this warming is likely to continue under the present environmental condition. The warming of the sea seems to also influence the amount of caught anchovies in the Black Sea. After 1993, the amount of captured anchovies in the southern Black Sea was drastically decreased with increased SST.

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