Climate Change Vulnerability and Disaster Risk Assessment Using Remote Sensing Technology and Adaptation Strategies for Resiliency and Disaster Risk Management in Selected Coastal Municipalities of Zambales, Philippines

Abstract

The Philippines is one of the most hazard prone and vulnerable countries in the world to climate change effects due to its geographical location. Climate change is already happening and affecting many places causing huge problems to coastal ecosystems. Vulnerability and disaster assessment and mapping in coastal areas are essential tasks and undertakings for coastal disaster risk management. The objectives of this study were to assess the climate change vulnerability and disaster risks in the four municipalities (Sta. Cruz, Candelaria, Masinloc and Palauig) of Zambales and to determine the climate change community-based adaptation (CBA) and ecosystem-based adaptation (EBA) strategies. Remote sensing, GIS, secondary data gathering and key informant interview were used to assess vulnerability and disaster risks and mapping in the four municipalities. Survey questionnaire, focus group discussion and key informant interview were utilized in gathering data for the determination of climate change adaptation strategies. Using remote sensing technology, it was revealed that coastline changes have occurred in the shorelines of the four coastal municipalities after a decade. Sea level rise happened in Sta. Cruz and Masinloc, Zambales while there was build-up of soil in the coastline of Candelaria and Palauig, Zambales. Twelve hazard maps, 12 vulnerability maps and 12 disaster risk maps were generated for the three major disasters (flood, landslide, storm surge) in the four coastal municipalities.

Climate Change Community-Based and Ecosystem-Based Adaptation Strategies in Selected Coastal Barangays in Masinloc, Zambales, Philippines

“…Using the data gathered, each barangay was evaluated according to their vulnerabilities and disaster risks to flood and storm surge and whether these risks addressed urgent needs and if the barangay has adaptive capacity to cope with floods and storm surge. The relative urgency or necessity for each barangay selected was assessed using the vulnerability and disaster risk assessment results for each barangay with moderate and high scores only (Paz-Alberto et al, 2021). On the other hand, in the evaluation of the relative adaptive capacity, a low score was given to barangays that do not implement CBA or EBA; moderate score was given to those with planned CBA or EBA and high score to those barangays that are implementing CBA or EBA.…”

“…Based on vulnerability and hazard risk assessments for floods and storm surges, Figure 7 highlights the analysis of the urgency of enhancing community-based adaptation strategies and adaptive capacity in Barangays Bani, Collat, Taltal, Baloganon, Inhobol, North Poblacion, and San Salvador, Masinloc, Zambales. Because of their moderate susceptibility and risk to flooding and storm surge, the seven barangays require community-based adaptation measures, even if the barangays may suffer a low to moderate catastrophic risk from flooding and storm surge (Paz-Alberto et al, 2021). Based from the results of the analysis, the seven barangays have medium necessity/urgency to undertake community-based adaptation strategies for flood and storm surge but these barangays have high adaptation capacities to cope with these climate change impacts based on the different strategies they have done in their coastal barangays (Figure 7).…”

Remote sensing as a tool for natural disaster risk analysis: a bibliometric review

“…(1) Debido a que los fenómenos extremos, como fuertes tormentas, inundaciones, terremotos, sequías e incendios, son cada vez más frecuentes a medida que el mundo se enfrenta a las repercusiones del cambio climático. (2,3) En ese orden de ideas, la teledetección puede ser una fuente de datos fiable para seguir la evolución de los peligros naturales. (4) De esta manera, los avances tecnológicos han permitido recopilar una gran cantidad de datos medioambientales, como la cubierta y el uso del suelo, la temperatura, la salud de la vegetación, salud de los cuerpos de agua y las precipitaciones.…”

Risk assessment for comprehensive meteorological disaster of winter wheat based on multisource gridded data: A case study in the upper Huaihe River basin, China

“…Compared with disaster risk theories, various definitions and connotations were used to express disaster risk level (PazAlberto et al ., 2021), including the probability of joint disaster occurrence, the degree of disaster loss (Yan et al ., 2020), the comprehensive analysis of vulnerability and hazard (Sun et al ., 2005). In fact, the grade of disaster risk depends not only on the intensity of hazard factors, but also on socioeconomic factors (economic level, fertilizer implementation, manual management, agricultural machinery, and equipment).…”