Climate Change in Urban Versus Rural Areas

Zeleňáková, Martina; Purcz, Pavol; Hlavatá, Helena; Blištán, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.968

Cited by 48 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In the literature dealing with the impact of cities on climate, particularly on rainfall, three general approaches are taken: comparison of data from urban and non-urban stations [48], differentiation of precipitation in the vicinity of cities, even up to several dozen kilometres, and differentiation of precipitation within the city's administrative boundaries. Research by Zeleňáková et al on eastern Slovakia [55] showed no differences in the amount of precipitation in rural and urban areas. The upward trends in precipitation were not significant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Variation in Atmospheric Precipitation in Poland in the Years 2001–2018

Ziernicka–Wojtaszek

Kopcińska

2020

Atmosphere

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Climate change scenarios are in agreement as to the direction of air temperature changes in global warming, although the magnitude of the warming depends on the scenario adopted. In contrast, projections of changes in precipitation totals in Poland are not clear and obvious. Analysis of long-term observational series reveals no clear significant trends in levels of precipitation, despite periods of fluctuation, as well as an upward trend reported in the annual amount of precipitation, especially in northern Poland. However, the increasing variability of annual rainfall totals is commonly highlighted. In the years 1861–1990, the coefficient of variation of annual precipitation totals increased from about 10% to 16%. In the years 1971–2000, this coefficient for Poland increased to 17%, and in the period of 2001–2018, which is the subject of the present study, to 19%. Despite the lack of clear trends in annual totals, the increase in the coefficient of variation results in an increase in the frequency of both drought and floods. This unfavorable situation is exacerbated by the downward trend observed in the share of summer rainfall in the annual total. In urban areas with increasing surface sealing, the share of surface runoff in the water balance increases, and in this situation short-term rainfall will cause local flooding.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Variation in Atmospheric Precipitation in Poland in the Years 2001–2018

Ziernicka–Wojtaszek

Kopcińska

2020

Atmosphere

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“…The intersection of the u(t) and u (t) curves denotes approximately the beginning of the trend. This is called the sequential version of the Mann-Kendall test [54][55][56][57][58].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of Temperature and Its Impact on Reference Evapotranspiration: The Test Case of the Apulia Region (Southern Italy)

Elferchichi¹,

Giorgio

Lamaddalena

et al. 2017

Sustainability

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Abstract:The present study provides an assessment of the climate variability at a subnational scale, focusing on the case of the Apulia region, in Southeastern Italy. The variables considered for the purpose of a trend analysis were the minimum, maximum, and mean temperatures, and reference evapotranspiration. These are very important in an urban-rural planning context. The study was based on 38 monitoring stations and consisted in the application of the nonparametric Mann-Kendall test and a progressive trend analysis, both used to detect the changes. The 1950-2003 period was investigated on seasonal and annual scales. The results generally showed a warming process and an acceleration of the atmospheric evaporative demand which took place especially since the mid-1970s. The latter had a significant positive trend, while the period before the break point of the 70s had a cooling effect. Finally, the warming effect was more pronounced for minimum temperatures.

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“…Thermal conditions also vary between urban and rural areas. Urban areas often function as heat islands, with temperatures that are up to 12°C higher than in surrounding rural areas (Zeleňáková et al ., 2015). As a result, thermophilic bee species have been able to expand their distribution ranges northward (Banaszak‐Cibicka, 2014).…”

Section: Thermal Tolerance and Environmental Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptations to thermal stress in social insects: recent advances and future directions

Perez

2020

Biological Reviews

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Thermal stress is a major driver of population declines and extinctions. Shifts in thermal regimes create new environmental conditions, leading to trait adaptation, population migration, and/or species extinction. Extensive research has examined thermal adaptations in terrestrial arthropods. However, little is known about social insects, despite their major role in ecosystems. It is only within the last few years that the adaptations of social insects to thermal stress have received attention. Herein, we discuss what is currently known about thermal tolerance and thermal adaptation in social insects – namely ants, termites, social bees, and social wasps. We describe the behavioural, morphological, physiological, and molecular adaptations that social insects have evolved to cope with thermal stress. We examine individual and collective responses to both temporary and persistent changes in thermal conditions and explore the extent to which individuals can exploit genetic variability to acclimatise. Finally, we consider the costs and benefits of sociality in the face of thermal stress, and we propose some future research directions that should advance our knowledge of individual and collective thermal adaptations in social insects.

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Climate Change in Urban Versus Rural Areas

Cited by 48 publications

References 22 publications

Variation in Atmospheric Precipitation in Poland in the Years 2001–2018

Variation in Atmospheric Precipitation in Poland in the Years 2001–2018

Variability of Temperature and Its Impact on Reference Evapotranspiration: The Test Case of the Apulia Region (Southern Italy)

Adaptations to thermal stress in social insects: recent advances and future directions

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