“…Compared to the hyperdiverse tropics, the temperate freshwater lakes and rivers of southern South America harbour a modest fish fauna, following a latitudinal trend towards lowest species diversity in southern Patagonia. Many fish species in Patagonia are endemic (Abell et al, ), of local economic and ecological importance (Cussac et al, ), and both the rapidly changing climate and introductions of invasive species are threats to these unique fishes (Becker, Crichigno, & Cussac, ; Rueda et al, ; Strüssmann, Conover, Somoza, & Miranda, ). Species inhabiting this region have evolutionary histories heavily influenced by temperature, the rise of the Andes, historical connectivity of rivers and lakes, and glaciation events (Cussac et al, ; Habit, Gonzalez, Ruzzante, & Walde, ; Ortubay, Gómez, & Cussac, ; Unmack, Barriga, Battini, Habit, & Johnson, ; Unmack, Bennin, Habit, Victoriano, & Johnson, ).…”