Climate Change, Effects and Mitigation Strategies on Aquaculture: A Review

Abstract

This paper review and addresses the major effects of climate change on Aquaculture, whose contributions to agriculture development are quite enormous. To achieve these objectives the status of this sub sector to the total fish supply are therefore analyzed with a view to identifying the major impacts of climate change on aquaculture. Aquaculture not practiced evenly across the globe requires an evaluation of the effects of climate change through the current aquaculture practices in the regions and the different environments. The main elements of climate change that would impact on aquaculture production include sea level and temperature rise, change in monsoon patterns and extreme climatic events and water stress, among others thereby causing varying degrees of concern either positively or negatively or directly or indirectly. Therefore, to ameliorate this adverse effect of climate change on aquaculture in Nigeria, and the world generally, attempts are made to deal with the climate change effects on the different culture systems in order to bring out all the complex attributes of climate change and the possible mitigation strategies for the future control. These will enhance aquaculture production and then claim back the expected role as a major source of animal protein in the future.

Adverse Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on Growth, Behavior, Skin Condition, Physiology, and Immune Function in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata)

“…Such studies may include, for example, analysis of cellular innate/acquired immune parameters and expression of immune-related genes, and should be assessed (i) in several developmental stages, as early stages are generally more susceptible to UVB radiation and (ii) in other species that may show different resilience to UVB exposure. In addition, climate change is expected to increase the incidence of disease outbreaks and the appearance of new diseases in fish (Karvonen et al, 2010;Báez et al, 2011;Anyanwu et al, 2015), and the impact of climate change on UVR should be addressed soon in order to develop mitigation strategies to prevent the cumulative immunosuppressive effects of both stressors (Jokinen et al, 2011). A plausible mitigation strategy might be the use of immunostimulants, prebiotics, or probiotics as feed additives, promoting fish immunity, and subsequently, growth performance (Hai, 2015;Carbone and Faggio, 2016;Dawood et al, 2018).…”