Sustainable development of climate-resilient aquaculture and culture-based fisheries through adaptation of abiotic stresses: a review

Abstract

Climate change is an inevitable event that obstructs the output of aquaculture farms and culture-based fisheries in open waters. It poses a serious threat to global food security, altering biodiversity, ecosystems, and global fish output by displacing fish stocks from their natural habitats. When compared to freshwater aquaculture, marine/coastal aquaculture is more affected. To combat the effects of climate change, several mitigation methods and adaptations are being implemented, emphasizing future demands of affordable protein. Selective breeding, species diversification, and aquaculture systems like integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, aquaponics, and recirculating aquaculture system are some of the most widely accepted and adapted solutions. Further research on intervention in seed and feed in terms of quality improvement, bioresource utilization, and technological and genetic improvement is required. Climate change policies from the government are also essential. The present study differs from previous reviews by portraying the various abiotic stress factors contributing to the drastic climate change, encompassing adaptation strategies followed in distinct aquaculture sources such as freshwater, inland saline water, brackish water, coastal waters, and culture-based capture fisheries with its future implications.

Aquaponics as a Promising Strategy to Mitigate Impacts of Climate Change on Rainbow Trout Culture

“…However, it can be estimated that various species of fish will be greatly or slightly affected by the effects of climate change in the near future. Specifically, the mainly affected species are freshwater fish of the Salmonidae family, which include rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) and salmon ( Salmo salar ) [ 158 ]. On the other hand, fish of the Cichlidae family, such as tilapia ( Oreochromis spp .…”

“…On the other hand, fish of the Cichlidae family, such as tilapia ( Oreochromis spp . ), carps, and catfish, are more resistant to climate change [ 158 ]. Additionally, tropical ornamental fish, such as Paracheirodon axelrodi , are more vulnerable to climate change than temperate fish.…”

“…Additionally, tropical ornamental fish, such as Paracheirodon axelrodi , are more vulnerable to climate change than temperate fish. Tropical ornamental species have a limited acclimatization capacity, as they thrive in a limited thermal range [ 158 ].…”

Crop Hydroponics, Phyto-hydroponics, Crop Production, and Factors Affecting Soilless Culture

“…Soilless culture improves physical quality (plant height, leaf number, fruit size, fruit weight, yield) and chemical quality (total soluble solid, biochemical content, color, flavors, water use efficiency, nutrient use efficiency) in crops . It has emerging potential to combat climate change and disasters and has ability to grow in open systems, closed systems, protected cultivation, vertical farming, soil affected areas, stressed areas, and prone areas . It mitigates toxicity level and impurity level in the crop and serves healthy growth and fruit quality in society .…”

Editorial: Physiological performance of aquatic animals under farming-induced stress conditions

“…However, most aquaculture systems are used at high or extremely high stocking densities, which eventually leads to a rise in the incidence of biotic and abiotic stresses on cultured aquatic animals ( Abisha et al, 2022 ). High stocking density, ammonia levels, and microbial load, low dissolved oxygen, and species-specific interactions are a few examples of these stressors.…”