Climate change and nature conservation in Central European forests: A review of consequences, concepts and challenges

Milad, Mirjam; Schaich, Harald; Bürgi, Matthias; Konold, Werner

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2010.10.038

Cited by 139 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…Supporting services received most positive perceptions, while provisioning services were perceived to be equally provided in mixed and monospecific stands or even better in monospecific stands. These results are consistent with the results from peer-reviewed literature, as it was assumed that mixed forests ensure higher ecosystem functionality and show higher stability, resistance and resilience against extreme events, such as drought and storms [12,41]. In addition, higher diversity of tree species is promoted in forests as an adaptive measure to climate change impacts.…”

Section: Respondents' Perceptions On Ecosystem Services Provided By Msupporting

confidence: 89%

Comparison of ecosystem services from mixed against monospecific forests in the Southwest Germany: A survey on public perception

Almeida¹,

Rösch²,

Saha³

2018

Preprint

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Scientific studies had shown that mixed forests of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) provide higher ecosystem services than monospecific forests. Mixed forests are known for their high resilience to climate change impacts and superior biodiversity compared to monospecific forests. In many countries, promotion of mixed forests in forest management is becoming a government policy since they can contribute to fulfill the Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nation, respectively Goal 13 and 15. However, not much is known about public perceptions on mixed forests compared to monoculture forests. Our study on ecosystem services provided by mixed and monospecific forests in southwest Germany fill this gap. Based on a survey with 520 valid responses we analyzed people's perception on 18 different supporting, cultural, regulating and provisioning ecosystem services measured by Likert scale. Stepwise regression analyses show relations between social profiles (gender, age, education, profession) and preferences on respondents' perceptions. Our findings show that people perceive that mixed forests provide better cultural, regulating and supporting ecosystem services than monospecific forests of fir and beech whereas provisioning services were perceived as being equally or better provided by monospecific forests. Significant effects towards a positive perception on ecosystem services provided by mixed forests were mainly influenced by the perceived abundance of old trees, feeling of pleasantness in mixed forests, age, profession, and education. Our findings indicate that there is a high public support for the promotion of silver fir and beech mixed forests in Southwest Germany.

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Section: Respondents' Perceptions On Ecosystem Services Provided By Msupporting

confidence: 89%

Comparison of ecosystem services from mixed against monospecific forests in the Southwest Germany: A survey on public perception

Almeida¹,

Rösch²,

Saha³

2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The documented evidence of recent climate changes is dwarfed by the magnitude of the forecasted further shifts during the 21st century and beyond (with a best estimate of +2 to 4°C in global average temperatures by the end of the century; Milad et al 2011). Some ecoregions will be more affected than others by climate changes (Engler et al 2011;Heyder et al 2011;Teixeira et al 2012), with the most biodiverse ecoregions particularly at risk (Beaumont et al 2011).…”

Section: A Summary Of Observed and Predicted Climate Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of climate change on plant diseases—opinions and trends

et al. 2012

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There has been a remarkable scientific output on the topic of how climate change is likely to affect plant diseases. This overview addresses the need for review of this burgeoning literature by summarizing opinions of previous reviews and trends in recent studies on the impacts of climate change on plant health. Sudden Oak Death is used as an introductory case study: Californian forests could become even more susceptible to this emerging plant disease, if spring precipitations will be accompanied by warmer temperatures, although climate shifts may also affect the current synchronicity between host cambium activity and pathogen colonization rate. A summary of observed and predicted climate changes, as well as of direct effects of climate change on pathosystems, is provided. Prediction and management of climate change effects on plant health are complicated by indirect effects and the interactions with global change drivers. Uncertainty in models of plant disease development under climate change calls for a diversity of management strategies, from more participatory approaches to interdisciplinary science. Involvement of stakeholders and scientists from outside plant pathology shows the importance of trade-offs, for example in the land-sharing vs. sparing debate. Further research is needed on climate change and plant health in mountain, boreal, Mediterranean and tropical regions, with multiple climate change factors and scenarios (including our responses to it, e.g. the assisted migration of plants), in relation to endophytes, viruses and mycorrhiza, using long-term and large-scale datasets and considering various plant disease control methods.Keywords Adaptive ecosystem management . Biotic interactions . Landscape pathology . Phytophthora ramorum . Plant disease epidemiology . Tree fungal pathogens Up to the 1990s, there was little information about climate change impacts on plant disease. For example, Eur J Plant Pathol

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“…Major challenges arise from the increase in climate dynamics and thus also site conditions and the high degree of uncertainty and complexity related to climate change. Given the high projected rates of change, concepts based on static or historic conditions are likely to become infeasible (Perera et al 2006;Milad et al 2011), while dynamic approaches will become increasingly important (Milad et al 2012b). Evaluation schemes and references for biodiversity conservation, such as Red Lists and their classifications or common definitions of nativeness will become increasingly problematic.…”

Section: Challenges Posed By Climate Change For Biodiversity Conservamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a consequence, secondary disturbance events such as forest fires, pests or insect calamities will also be altered and different events such as the occurrence of drought and forest fires may interact and amplify each other (Flannigan et al 2009). It becomes apparent that forest diversity-the variation in species, genes, habitats and structures and thus also in processes and functions-will be affected in complex ways and at different spatial and temporal levels (Milad et al 2011). Site conditions and thus the appropriateness of habitats for certain species will be subject to change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest biodiversity in a changing climate: which logic for conservation strategies?

Schaich

Milad

2013

Biodivers Conserv

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Climate change has direct and indirect impacts on forest ecosystems worldwide. In this context, changing site conditions and altered disturbance regimes as well as forest management responses are challenging the conservation of biodiversity in forests. Climate-induced dynamics and uncertainties related to future forest ecosystem development are calling into question current conservation strategies and concepts. Given the longevity of trees, slow development rates of forest ecosystems and slow migration rates of many forest species, the planning of adaptation measures in response to climate change are especially difficult though highly important for forest biodiversity conservation. This paper introduces a special issue with eight contributions which deal with a variety of aspects of forest biodiversity conservation in the face of climate change. More specifically, the papers address direct impacts of climate change on forest biodiversity, adaptation measures for forest and conservation management, as well as resulting challenges for conservation strategies and concepts. In conclusion, adaptation measures that enhance diversity and provide different options for future action, thereby maintaining ecosystems' resilience, as well as conservation management operating on a landscape level, are promoted as being beneficial for coping with uncertainties related to climate change. Adaptive management, which constantly reviews conservation goals and measures, and which takes into account both science-based and local ecological knowledge on climate change can be a valuable tool to inform decisions for forest biodiversity conservation.

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Climate change and nature conservation in Central European forests: A review of consequences, concepts and challenges

Cited by 139 publications

References 138 publications

Comparison of ecosystem services from mixed against monospecific forests in the Southwest Germany: A survey on public perception

Comparison of ecosystem services from mixed against monospecific forests in the Southwest Germany: A survey on public perception

Impacts of climate change on plant diseases—opinions and trends

Forest biodiversity in a changing climate: which logic for conservation strategies?

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