Client Outcome as a Function of Agreement or Disagreement with the Modal Group Perception of Curative Factors in Short-term, Structured Group Psychotherapy

Flowers, John V.

doi:10.1080/00207284.1987.11491044

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The data from this questionnaire are entered into a computer program designed by the first author, which prints out every DSM-III-R diagnosis that the client's behavior realistically supports (see Endnote). An overall severity scale, which has previously been shown to be responsive to changes brought about by counseling (Flowers, 1987, Flowers & Booraem, 1990a, 1990b, and related to other measures of pathology (Flowers, Cervantes, & Davignon, 1990) was generated by assigning each client 1 point for each DSM-III-R diagnosis that might describe his or her problem.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cost of Client Transfer

Flowers

Booraem

1995

Jour of Counseling & Develop

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Clients undergoing transfer from one counselor to another were compared on the Generalized Contentment Scale and a DSM-III-R measure with clients staying with the same counselor over the same length of treatment. In three 12-week blocks, the clients with the same counselor made the greatest progress in the first 12 weeks, making less progress in each successive block. The clients who were transferred in the middle of the second 12-week block also made the greatest progress in the first time block, lost some of the progress in the transfer block, and made significant progress with the new counselor in the third time block, ending with no significant differences in either generalized contentment or DSM-III-R outcome from clients who had not been transferred. There has been very little literature on the transfer of clients because it is not thought of as a common part of a client's experience. In private practice, referral is either made early in treatment or the counselor usually continues with the case until termination. Nevertheless, there are many cases in which transfer is common, and its effects are unknown. With the advent of psychoeducational treatments of specified time lengths, it is becoming more common for agencies to offer many services, and for clients with multiple problems to be transferred from one psychoeducational treatment to another as the case requires. In the literature in which transfer has been reviewed (Gavazzi & Anderson, 1987;Wapner, Klein, Friedlander, & Andrasik, 1986), it has been addressed with interesting suggestions but with no empirical evidence.In training settings, referral is not only common, it is structurally part of the treatment facility. Transfer is so common that O'Reilly (1987) has called the process involved "the transfer syndrome, " and Muller (1986) has claimed that these cases are different from all other cases. When a client starts with a trainee, that client will either terminate treatment before the trainee's termination, or will have to transfer, unless the trainee can take the client to whatever job the trainee gets. This ability to take the client to the new job is rare. The trainee would have to get a job in a practice for which this client is appropriate and in the same geographic region. Additionally, most clients in training facilities are unable to afford the treatment outside the training facility, even when other conditions are met.When transfer does occur, the common assumption is that transfer interrupts the counseling process (O'Reilly, 1987) and that a client being transferred will improve more slowly than a client being seen continuously for the same period by the same counselor. Nevertheless, there is tangential evidence that this may not be true. The metastudy by Howard, Kopta, Krause, and Orlinsky (1986) indicated that half of the gain in counseling is made in the first 10 sessions. Although the first 10 sessions with a second (or third) counselor are not the same as the first 10 sessions with the first counselor, the relevant variables (such as a...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cost of Client Transfer

Flowers

Booraem

1995

Jour of Counseling & Develop

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“…The former (Flowers, 1987) found that group members who did not improve after treatment ranked the importance of the therapeutic factors differently from the other members of their groups. There were, however, several limitations (e.g., very small sample size) in the study's design, and the findings should therefore be interpreted with caution.…”

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confidence: 94%

Person–group fit, group climate, and outcomes in a sample of incarcerated women participating in trauma recovery groups.

Paquin

Kivlighan²,

Drogosz³

2013

Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice

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The present study sought to apply the concept of person-group (P-G) fit from the domain of organizational psychology to the domain of group psychotherapy. A time-series design was used to examine the relationship between an individual group member's fit with her group, operationalized as congruence and convergence, on perceptions of group climate and her session attendance and change in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Fifty-one of 73 incarcerated women, participating in six manualized (trauma recovery and empowerment model [TREM]) therapy groups provided data for analyses. Group members completed measures of group climate at each session and pre-and posttest ratings on the PTSD Symptom Scale-Self Report (PSS-SR). Fit with the group was operationalized as the absolute difference between a group member's score on engagement, avoidance, and conflict, and the average scores on these dimensions for the other group members. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to examine session-level (N = 1,606) fit across time. Results indicated that fit with the group for avoidance decreased (diverged), and conflict increased (converged) across sessions. Increasing fit with the group on perceptions of group conflict was associated with attending more group sessions (commitment), and increasing fit with the group on perceptions of group avoidance was associated with PTSD symptom change (goal accomplishment). Study results highlight that group processes (like fit) should be studied over time and in relation to relevant clinical outcomes.

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“…It is believed that therapeutic impact in a group may vary owing to difference in cultural characteristics of the clients (DeLucia-Waack, 1996), group format (Goldberg et al, 1988) and time limits (e.g. Flowers, 1987). However, the Chinese parents' experience in MFG, especially their perceived helpfulness of different activities and techniques employed, remains unknown.…”

Section: Development Of Mfg In Hong Kongmentioning

confidence: 97%