Click chemistry from organic halides, diazonium salts and anilines in water catalysed by copper nanoparticles on activated carbon

New routes to Cu(i)/Cu nanocatalysts for the multicomponent click synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles

“…Adjusting the ratios of CuSO 4 and ZnCl 2 in anhydrous preparations whilst maintaining a constant total metal content : polymer : reducing agent ratio yielded CuZn NPs (samples [25][26][27]) that were similar in nature to samples 22-24 -that is, revealing the same tendency for metal segregation and ZnO formation (see ESI †).…”

“…Not only organic halides, but some other azide precursors, such as aryldiazonium salts, anilines, and epoxides were shown to be appropriate substrates in this process. [24][25][26][27] Ullmann-type amination is another process in which we have been interested. In this context, we have recently fabricated Cu NPs capped by PVP40 [poly(1-vinylpyrrolidin-2-one), M av ¼ 40 000] that enabled the efficient synthesis of 4-phenoxypyridine using multimode microwave heating in a microuidic device.…”

Recent developments in copper nanoparticle-catalyzed synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles in water

“…The catalyst was used in the multicomponent synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles (7) from organic halides, diazonium salts, and aromatic amines in water (Scheme 8). 66 The product was easily isolated and does not require purification. The reported catalyst was better than other heterogeneous copper catalysts and apparently works under heterogeneous conditions.…”

“…Nasir Baig et al developed a highly efficient, acceptable and green method for azidealkyne-cycloaddition for the synthesis of triazoles (8) using a highly active magnetically recoverable nano ferrite-glutathione-copper (nano-FGT-Cu) catalyst in water under microwave irradiation conditions (Scheme 10). 66 Easy magnetic separation of the catalyst removes the requirement for catalyst filtration after accomplishment of the reaction, which adds to the greenness of this reaction. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, TEM, and ICP-AES analysis.…”

Efficient multicomponent synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles catalyzed by Cu(II) supported on PEI@Fe$_{3}$O$_{4}$ MNPs in a water/PEG$_{300}$ system

“…To address this issue, some copper-based catalytic systems have been reported. These systems include copper nanoparticles on activated carbon, 22 38 and silicaimmobilized NHC-Cu(I). 39 However, successful examples using this useful strategy are limited and some of them still use organic solvents, base, and reducing agents.…”