Clearing the Air? The Effects of Gasoline Content Regulation on Air Quality

Auffhammer, Maximilian; Kellogg, Ryan

doi:10.1257/aer.101.6.2687

Cited by 234 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Concentrations of O 3 and O 3 -producing precursors have decreased in the United States (21), accounting for the reductions in O 3 damage seen here. There is controversy over whether regulatory policies influence air quality, with evidence that some policies have clear effects but other policies have little or no effect (22) (Fig. 1) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An analysis of ozone damage to historical maize and soybean yields in the United States

McGrath

Betzelberger

Wang

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

174

127

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Numerous controlled experiments find that elevated ground-level ozone concentrations ([O3]) damage crops and reduce yield. There have been no estimates of the actual yield losses in the field in the United States from [O3], even though such estimates would be valuable for projections of future food production and for cost–benefit analyses of reducing ground-level [O3]. Regression analysis of historical yield, climate, and [O3] data for the United States were used to determine the loss of production due to O3 for maize (Zea mays) and soybean (Glycine max) from 1980 to 2011, showing that over that period production of rain-fed fields of soybean and maize were reduced by roughly 5% and 10%, respectively, costing approximately $9 billion annually. Maize, thought to be inherently resistant to O3, was at least as sensitive as soybean to O3 damage. Overcoming this yield loss with improved emission controls or more tolerant germplasm could substantially increase world food and feed supply at a time when a global yield jump is urgently needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An analysis of ozone damage to historical maize and soybean yields in the United States

McGrath

Betzelberger

Wang

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

174

127

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show abstract

“…Finally, column (5) tests robustness in two directions. First, we specify additional flexible meteorological controls (Auffhammer and Kellogg, 2011), namely: (i) cubic polynomials in the maximum and minimum temperature, humidity and wind speed, and the maximum precipitation rate, in the contemporaneous 8-hour shift, allowing these cubic polynomials to vary by timeof-day; (ii) pairwise interactions for all linear terms in (i); and (iii) linear controls for the maximum and minimum temperature, humidity and wind speed, and the maximum precipitation rate, observed in the 24-hour period that precedes the start of the shift.…”

Section: Empirical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe Air Pollution and Labor Productivity

Liu

Salvo

2015

SSRN Journal

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. www.econstor.eu Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E S ABSTRACT Severe Air Pollution and Labor ProductivityWe examine day-to-day fluctuations in worker-level output over 15 months for a panel of 98 manufacturing workers at a plant located in an industrial city in Hebei province, north China. Long-term workers earn piece-rate wages, with no base pay or minimum pay, for homogeneous tasks performed over fixed 8-hour shifts. Over the sample period, ambient fine-particle (PM2.5) mass concentrations measured at an outdoor air monitor located 2 km from the plant ranged between 10 and 773 micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m 3 , 8-hour means), variation that is an order of magnitude larger than what is observed in the rich world today. We document large reductions in productivity, of the order of 15%, over the first 200 µg/m 3 rise in PM2.5 concentrations, with the drop leveling off for further increases in fineparticle pollution. A back-of-the-envelope calculation suggests that labor productivity across 190 Chinese cities could rise by on average 4% per year were the distributions of hourly PM2.5 truncated at 25 µg/m 3 . We also find reduced product quality as pollution rises. Our model allows for selection into work attendance, though we do not find particle pollution to be a meaningful determinant of non-attendance, which is very low in our labor setting. Subsequent research should verify the external validity of our findings. JEL Classification:J24, Q51, Q52, Q53, O44, R11

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“…14 For example, if a weather station exits from a warmer part of a county, temperature in that county may erroneously 14 To address concerns about observable station entry and exit, Auffhammer and Kellogg (2011) and Schlenker and Roberts (2009) develop an approach that addresses station entry and attrition by estimating missing values in the station record, then using a balanced panel constructed from the "patched" station data. appear to decrease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

What Do We Learn from the Weather? The New Climate-Economy Literature

Dell

Jones²,

Olken

2014

Journal of Economic Literature

1,598

859

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A rapidly growing body of research applies panel methods to examine how temperature, precipitation, and windstorms influence economic outcomes. These studies focus on changes in weather realizations over time within a given spatial area and demonstrate impacts on agricultural output, industrial output, labor productivity, energy demand, health, conflict, and economic growth, among other outcomes. By harnessing exogenous variation over time within a given spatial unit, these studies help credibly identify (i) the breadth of channels linking weather and the economy, (ii) heterogeneous treatment effects across different types of locations, and (iii) nonlinear effects of weather variables. This paper reviews the new literature with two purposes. First, we summarize recent work, providing a guide to its methodologies, datasets, and findings. Second, we consider applications of the new literature, including insights for the “damage function” within models that seek to assess the potential economic effects of future climate change. (JEL C51, D72, O13, Q51, Q54)

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Clearing the Air? The Effects of Gasoline Content Regulation on Air Quality

Cited by 234 publications

References 26 publications

An analysis of ozone damage to historical maize and soybean yields in the United States

An analysis of ozone damage to historical maize and soybean yields in the United States

Severe Air Pollution and Labor Productivity

What Do We Learn from the Weather? The New Climate-Economy Literature

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