Clean pyrolysis oil from a continuous two-stage pyrolysis of scrap tires using in-situ and ex-situ desulfurization

Choi, Gi Sang; Oh, Seung‐Jin; Kim, Joo-Sik

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2017.12.015

Cited by 44 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Scrap tire pyrolysis was carried out to produce low sulfur oil (below 0.45 wt%), which is necessary for the reduction of SO x emissions. The authors [23] propose a continuous two-stage pyrolyzer consisting of an auger reactor, a fluidized bed reactor, and various additives (CaO, Fe, FeO, and calcined olivine). The hydrocracking process can be used not only to increase the share of the obtained liquid fraction of the synthetic fuel, but also to hydrotreat it with sulfur compounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

End of Life Tires as a Possible Source of Toxic Substances Emission in the Process of Combustion

et al. 2019

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Several million tons of end of life tires (ELTs) are piled annually as a result of human activities. Various methods have been proposed for the extraction and recycling of the resource potential of ELTs. The chemical composition of ELTs seems to enable their usage as a fuel after mechanical separation of a steel cord. Indeed, in the rubber of ELTs, up to 90 mass% accounts for carbon and hydrogen. Currently, it is by incineration that a significant proportion of ELTs is utilized. However, ELTs contain not only sulfur, which is used for vulcanization, but also nitrogen-containing additives. The behavior of these heteroatoms during oxidation is poorly investigated. It has been shown that the pyrolysis liquid fuel obtained from ELTs contains such sulfur compounds as mercaptans and nitrogen in the form of hydrocyanic acid and cyanogen. Deep oxidation of ELTs results in the oxidation of sulfur compounds to dioxide, but the oxidation products have been found to contain traces of cyanogen. Taking this into account, one should pay attention to the ways of transforming heteroatoms during the process of ELT oxidation and the products of ELT pyrolysis as potential sources of highly toxic gas emissions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

End of Life Tires as a Possible Source of Toxic Substances Emission in the Process of Combustion

et al. 2019

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“…WTPO can also be directly used in generators, boilers, and combustion engines owing to its high heating value. However, as mentioned, WTPO contains relatively high amounts of sulfur and has high viscosity, which further requires catalytic upgrading if it is to be used as a fuel in vehicles [25,26].…”

Section: Characteristics Of Wtpomentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Desulfurization Processes Used for Waste Tire Pyrolysis Oil

Hossain

Choi

2021

Catalysts

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The increasing global population and the rapid industrial development associated therewith have increased the demand for fossil-derived fuel oils. The sources of fossil fuels are limited, and many studies have been being conducted to find alternative fuel sources. Waste tire pyrolysis oil (WTPO) attracts considerable attention as an alternative fuel because its properties are similar to those of diesel oil. However, WTPO has a high sulfur content of >1.0 wt%, which is above the environmental standard limit of 0.1 wt%; therefore, it cannot be used in engines directly. It is thus highly necessary to remove sulfur compounds from tire-derived oils. However, finding an appropriate and environmentally friendly process is proving difficult. This review article presents the various desulfurization methods used to removal sulfur from WTPO, such as hydrodesulfurization (HDS), oxidative desulfurization (ODS), ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurization (UAOD), and acid treatment. Of these, HDS is the most expensive as it involves high consumption of hydrogen, high temperature (~450 °C), and high pressure (~200 bar), whereas UAOD is an efficient and economic method of reducing the sulfur content of WTPO.

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“…Therefore, it is expected that the losses of valuable hydrocarbons shall decrease in the following of series of nitrogen-containing extractants: AN, DMFA, and N-MP. It appears that in the course of a multi-stage process the sufficiently high degree of desulfurization of the raw materials can also be achieved with alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol [24,76,96].…”

Section: Components For the Formation Of Nanostructured Catalysts Oxidants And Extractants For Oxidative Desulfurization Of Liquid Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocatalysts for Oxidative Desulfurization of Liquid Fuel: Modern Solutions and the Perspectives of Application in Hybrid Chemical-Biocatalytic Processes

et al. 2021

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In this paper, the current advantages and disadvantages of using metal-containing nanocatalysts (NCs) for deep chemical oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of liquid fuels are reviewed. A similar analysis is performed for the oxidative biodesulfurization of oil along the 4S-pathway, catalyzed by various aerobic bacterial cells of microorganisms. The preferences of using NCs for the oxidation of organic sulfur-containing compounds in various oil fractions seem obvious. The text discusses the development of new chemical and biocatalytic approaches to ODS, including the use of both heterogeneous NCs and anaerobic microbial biocatalysts that catalyze the reduction of chemically oxidized sulfur-containing compounds in the framework of methanogenesis. The addition of anaerobic biocatalytic stages to the ODS of liquid fuel based on NCs leads to the emergence of hybrid technologies that improve both the environmental characteristics and the economic efficiency of the overall process. The bioconversion of sulfur-containing extracts from fuels with accompanying hydrocarbon residues into biogas containing valuable components for the implementation of C-1 green chemistry processes, such as CH4, CO2, or H2, looks attractive for the implementation of such a hybrid process.

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Clean pyrolysis oil from a continuous two-stage pyrolysis of scrap tires using in-situ and ex-situ desulfurization

Cited by 44 publications

References 36 publications

End of Life Tires as a Possible Source of Toxic Substances Emission in the Process of Combustion

End of Life Tires as a Possible Source of Toxic Substances Emission in the Process of Combustion

A Review of the Desulfurization Processes Used for Waste Tire Pyrolysis Oil

Nanocatalysts for Oxidative Desulfurization of Liquid Fuel: Modern Solutions and the Perspectives of Application in Hybrid Chemical-Biocatalytic Processes

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