Clean energy technology transfer: A review of programs under the UNFCCC

Kline, David; Vimmerstedt, Laura; Benioff, Ron

doi:10.1023/b:miti.0000009853.74057.bf

Cited by 46 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Barriers to technology transfer in RE and other low-carbon technologies have been identifi ed as being institutional, economic, informational, technological and social (UNFCCC, 1998;IPCC, 2000;Wilkins, 2002;Kline et al, 2004). It has been argued that many developing nations are unlikely to 'leapfrog' pollution-intensive stages of industrial development without access to clean technologies that have been developed in more advanced economies (Gallagher, 2006;Sauter and Watson, 2008).…”

Section: Technology Transfer and Capacity Buildingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policy, Financing and Implementation

Mitchell¹,

Sawin²,

Pokharel³

et al. 2011

Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation

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Section: Technology Transfer and Capacity Buildingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policy, Financing and Implementation

Mitchell¹,

Sawin²,

Pokharel³

et al. 2011

Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation

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“…In addition, experiences from current and past technology transfer programs also highlight key lessons on effective program structures and delivery (see for example Kline et al 2003). In reviewing the current proposals and experiences from current and past technology transfer programs, the following desired implementation attributes can be identified:…”

Section: Comparison Of Implementation Attributes Of Existing Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengthening Clean Energy Technology Cooperation under the UNFCCC: Steps toward Implementation

Benioff¹,

Coninck²,

Dhar³

et al. 2010

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Executive SummaryAccelerating the transition to clean energy technologies is critical for addressing international climate stabilization goals and creating a foundation for sustained economic growth. Since the Copenhagen Accord has not led to a global target for greenhouse gas emissions and, as such, gives little guidance to the private sector to deploy clean energy technology, bottom-up, national, and technology-specific policies are gaining importance. Relying on such mechanisms rather than on a global carbon market calls for insights into their effectiveness, applicability, and expected impacts. This study discusses policies directed toward three areas relevant to the development of clean energy technology: the creation of enabling environments, furthering research and development, and the provision of financing. Programs to advance clean energy technology are likely to be most effective if they focus on well defined and broadly endorsed national priorities, strengthen developing country capacity and enabling environments, have sufficient scale, run over multiple years, engage public and private entities, promote broad knowledge sharing, and are coordinated and harmonized with international support.For R&D programs, networks could allow for knowledge sharing between researchers, engaging developing country research institutions, and engage practitioners who can increase technology deployment. Work in R&D programs can be guided by roadmaps that provide direction, advisory groups that monitor progress and provide independent feedback, and implementing agencies that have a long-term commitment towards implementation.Increased R&D capabilities are needed in developing and least-developed countries alike. Without the strengthening of such capabilities, the establishment of partnerships, jointinvestments, and R&D collaborations will remain challenging. Part of a long-term strategy for clean energy technology should therefore be to implement structural programs for capacity building in all phases of the technology innovation chain. Such enabling efforts may need to be sector-or technology-specific, supported by strong national policies and explicitly aimed at improving the investment climate for a technology in a country.To enable financing of clean energy technology, finance and technology programs need to be aligned-as the type of financing depends on the technology. Experience with finance instruments should inform replication. Experimentation with risk-based models for public finance mechanisms may prove more cost effective along the innovation chain.v In the post-Copenhagen environment, countries and international organizations may be best served by applying pragmatic approaches that enhance long-term commitment to collaboration through existing bilateral and multilateral partnerships and demonstrate a commitment to rapid scaling up of technology cooperation and financing.vi

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“…In addition to these cost and risk barriers, any lower-and non-emitting energy technology that is implemented outside of its normal circumstances faces a set of barriers related to the specific conditions in the host country. For example, local technical capacity and expertise may not be sufficient to ensure effective implementation and operation of the technology (Kline et al, 2004). The institutional framework may not provide sufficient regulatory or legal transparency for investors, and may not be reliable enough to protect against intellectual property rights (IPR) violations and fraud (Hoekman et al, 2004).…”

Section: The Role Of Flexible Mechanisms In Facilitating Tt and Barrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating technology transfer in the Clean Development Mechanism and Joint Implementation

Youngman¹,

Schmidt

Liu

et al. 2007

Climate Policy

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To what extent do the Kyoto Protocol's flexible mechanisms facilitate technology transfer to reduce greenhouse gas emissions? This analysis reviews the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Joint Implementation (JI) project portfolios, sample sets of projects, and the technology transfer (TT) literature to address this question. Criteria were developed to assess whether TT occurred relating to the origin of technologies, whether they differ from business-asusual (BAU), and whether knowledge to implement the technology was imported. For CDM projects, lower-and non-emitting energy technologies account for a large share of total projects in the portfolio, but a relatively low share of total emission reductions. For JI projects, lower-and non-emitting energy technologies play a somewhat stronger role than in CDM. Based on sample projects, approximately 50% of the CDM projects and 62% of the JI projects involved transfer of technology hardware from outside of the host country. The European Union accounted for 83% (JI) and 92% (CDM) of the value of technology exported for these projects. While the flexible mechanisms are facilitating TT, they are insufficient in themselves to allow key lower-and non-emitting technologies to overcome cost and risk barriers and become attractive for widespread deployment. The analysis suggests approaches to leverage the ability of the mechanisms to stimulate TT in key technologies.

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Clean energy technology transfer: A review of programs under the UNFCCC

Cited by 46 publications

References 19 publications

Policy, Financing and Implementation

Policy, Financing and Implementation

Strengthening Clean Energy Technology Cooperation under the UNFCCC: Steps toward Implementation

Evaluating technology transfer in the Clean Development Mechanism and Joint Implementation

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