Clean catalysis with ionic solvents—phosphonium tosylates for hydroformylation

Abstract

High-melting phosphonium tosylates are synthesised and applied for the first time as solvents in catalytic hydroformylation reactions; variation in the substituents attached to phosphorus can lead to markedly different results; the catalyst systems are non-corrosive, easily manipulated and can readily be recovered and reused.

Ionic Liquids: The Synergistic Catalytic Effect in the Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates

“…Cycloaddition reactions were carried out at 100 °C and 1. Phosphonium halides are more thermally stable [61][62][63][64][65][66] when compared with the ammonium halides. Moreover, they could be separated easily from the products since they have little potential interaction with the products [67].…”

Ionic Liquids Made with Dimethyl Carbonate: Solvents as well as Boosted Basic Catalysts for the Michael Reaction

“…They are therefore finding increased use in chemical applications. [8,9] A limitation of ionic liquids lies in their manufacturing process, which is frequently not green. Their synthesis, in fact, involves two potentially environmentally adverse steps: quaternarisation of a nitrogen or phosphorous atom, usually by methylation with hazardous alkyl halides (e.g., CH 3 Cl; Scheme 1), followed by a halogen anion metathesis step that produces equimolar amounts of an inorganic salt.…”

Quaternary Ammonium and Phosphonium Ionic Liquids in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

“…Several selected examples of common anions are presented in Figure 2. The differences in physico-chemical properties of ammonium and phosphonium ILs begin with their stability towards degradation under various conditions, which differs clearly (Karodia et al, 1998;Wolff et al, 2000). Although both can decompose at elevated temperatures, phosphonium salts are generally more stable as their ammonium analogs (Wolff et al, 2000;Bradaric et al, 2003).…”