Clay soil stabilization using cement kiln dust

Abstract

This research investigated the suitability of cement kiln dust (CKD) on the stabilization of clayey soil extracted along a failed road section of Sango, Ota. Since CKD does not need any further processing or treatment, it is cheap as it is a waste product from cement production and can be utilized in powdery form. The suitability of CKD as a stabilizer is dependent on its performance on problematic soil. For this study, it was mixed with clayey soil in varying proportions of 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15%. For each combination, several geotechnical tests were carried out. The result shows that the unsoaked CBR of the clay soil increased from 1.49 to 28.6%, and thus indicates that the soil mixed with 10% CKD showed the best mechanical improvement after a curing period of 7 days. Other curing periods were observed. In addition to CBR improvement, other tests such as Atterberg limits, Proctor compaction, and free swell, tests revealed that the geotechnical properties of the stabilized soils increased with an increase in the amount of CKD by dry weight of the soil. It is noted that the use of CKD at 10% was more economical and environmentally beneficial. This research shows the beneficial use of industrial wastes such as CKD in the stabilization of soils, which is line with sustainable waste management practices.

Incorporation of Cement Bypass Dust in Hydraulic Road Binder

“…Literature sources indicate that BPD can be reused in a number of different ways for various purposes. As reported in many papers, the most common applications of BPD are in soil consolidation and stabilization [ 10 , 16 ]. BPD addition can lead to an increase in the shear strength of a soil and/or control the shrink-swell properties of a soil, thus improving the load-bearing capacity of a sub-grade to support pavements and foundations [ 17 ].…”

A Review of the Status of Scientific Research and Practical Techniques Related to Using Cement Kiln Dust to Stabilize Weak Soils

“…Currently, using lime and cement is soil stabilization is not preferred because of an environmental issues [55]. Several studies interested in estimating the quantities of cement and global demand indicated that by 2050 the demand will reach 5 billion tons annually, which will constitute a real environmental threat to the natural resources and needed for the burning of raw materials [56]. In addition, the production of such industrial materials generates large amounts of carbon dioxide emissions (CO2), during the various stages of the process of burning materials and manufactured [9].…”

“…The production of one ton of cement generates from 600 to 700 kg of CKD. Statistics show that the quantities of CKD are estimated at about 2.6 billion tons annually [56]. As for the amount of CKD generated in the United States annually, it is estimated at 14.2 million tons, a large portion of them, approximately 64%, is reused as a raw material for the clinker kiln.…”

“…Therefore, the search for sustainable environmental solutions became necessary and urgent, alternatives such as CKD are being investigated. What encourages the use of CKD in a wide range of engineering projects instead of cement in soil stabilization is the alike chemical reaction between them as well as the products of the hydration process [56]. One of the advantages of CKD is that it produces a relatively high percentage of alkalinity (PH) when mixed.…”

Geotechnical and other characteristics of cement-treated low plasticity clay

“…Studies conducted in this field may be classified into three main categories: use byproduct from cement production operations, direct use of cement alone or mixed with other materials, and recycling of cement as concrete waste. The use of cement byproduct, especially cement kiln dust to stabilize or improve clay soil was cover by many studies (Adeyanju & Okeke, 2019;Amadi & Osu, 2018;Miller & Azad, 2000;Naseem et al, 2019). The mixing of cement with fly ash become commonly used to reduce the amount of cement used or improve specific geotechnical properties of soil (Amu et al, 2008;Chenari et al, 2018;Khemissa & Mahamedi, 2014).…”