Clay minerals as adsorbents of aflatoxin M1 from contaminated milk and effects on milk quality

Carraro, Anna; Giacomo, A. De; Giannossi, Maria Luigia; Medici, Luca; Muscarella, Marilena; Palazzo, Lucia; Quaranta, Vincenzo; Summa, Vito; Tateo, Fabio

doi:10.1016/j.clay.2013.11.028

Cited by 70 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Various compounds with adsorbent characteristics have been evaluated as potential dietary additives to reduce absorption of AF. Examples of such toxin-binding compounds include bentonite, kaolin, montmorillonite clays, hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate, and glucomannan (Ramos and Hernández, 1997;Abdel-Wahhab et al, 2002;Diaz et al, 2002;Queiroz et al, 2012;Carraro et al, 2014). These adsorbents bind to dietary AFB 1 , making it unavailable for absorption, and thereby reducing formation of AFM 1 and its secretion into milk Gallo and Masoero, 2010;Queiroz et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feed additives containing sequestrant clay minerals and inactivated yeast reduce aflatoxin excretion in milk of dairy cows

Rodrigues

Ledoux

Rottinghaus

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of 2 dietary mycotoxin sequestrants, Toxy-Nil (TN) or Unike Plus (UP), in reducing aflatoxin (AF) M 1 concentrations in milk of dairy cows challenged with dietary AF. Thirtytwo mid-lactation Holstein cows were blocked by parity, days in milk, and milk yield and were randomly assigned within block to receive one of the following treatments:(1) 2.8 mg of AF/cow per d (positive control, PC), (2) 2.8 mg of AF + 100 g of TN/cow per d, (3) 2.8 mg of AF + 100 g of UP/cow per d, or (4) no AF and no additives (negative control, NC). For 7 d, treatments, dispersed in 150 g of sweet feed carrier, were top-dressed twice daily by mixing into the top portion of the TMR at each feeding. After the experimental period, cows were fed the NC diet and clearance of AFM 1 via milk was monitored for 7 d. Feed and water were available ad libitum throughout the trial. Treatments had no effect on feed intake, milk yield, milk composition, or milk somatic cell count. Relative intake of AF was similar among PC, TN, and UP, averaging 106.5, 107.6, and 102.5 ± 2.9 μg/kg of diet dry matter, respectively. Relative intake of mycotoxin sequestrants was similar between TN and UP, averaging 0.4 and 0.4 ± 0.1% of diet dry matter, respectively. Concentration and mass of AFM 1 secreted in milk and in urine were similar between TN and UP, but were lower than PC; concentrations in milk averaged 0.2, 0.3, and 0.6 ± 0.1 μg/kg, respectively, and mass secreted in milk averaged 8. 1, 9.8, and 20.5 ± 1.7 μg/d. Concentrations in urine averaged 6.9, 7.4, and 14.2 ± 1.5 μg/L, respectively, and mass secreted in urine averaged 225.7, 250.8, and 521.6 ± 53.1 μg/d. Likewise, concentration and mass of free AF excreted in feces were similar between TN and UP, but were lower than PC; concentrations averaged 7.7, 8.9, and 12.4 ± 0.6 μg/kg, respectively, and mass excreted averaged 57.8, 69.6, and 95.6 ± 4.8 μg/d. Transfer of AF from feed to AFM 1 in milk was reduced by 63 and 52%, and in urine, by 57 and 52% for TN and UP, respectively. Transfer of AF from feed to free AF in feces was reduced by 38 and 26% for TN and UP, respectively. The clearance rate of AFM 1 in milk did not differ among PC, TN, and UP (46.1, 66.5, and 50.0 ± 6.7%/d, respectively). Results indicate that dietary inclusion of 100 g of TN or UP significantly reduced AFM 1 in milk of cows consuming TMR containing approximately 105 μg of AF/kg of diet dry matter. Results also suggest that both TN and UP reduced absorption of AF.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feed additives containing sequestrant clay minerals and inactivated yeast reduce aflatoxin excretion in milk of dairy cows

Rodrigues

Ledoux

Rottinghaus

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…melhores resultados (adsorção acima de 90%) foram obtidos para HSCAS (LI et al, 2010;NEEFF et al, 2013) e carvão ativado (DI NATALE et al, 2009;GALLO;MASOERO, 2010). Percentuais de adsorção acima de 90% também foram obtidos com bentonitas/montmorilonitas, porém com grande variabilidade dos resultados (GALLO;MASOERO, 2010;CARRARO et al, 2014).…”

Section: Características Gerais Dos Adsorventes Para Aflatoxinasunclassified

“…A adição de adsorventes minerais na ração é um procedimento efetivo, pois estas substâncias se ligam às aflatoxinas formando um complexo, que é excretado pelas fezes (PHILLIPS, 1999;KOLOSOVA;STROKA, 2011;DI GREGORIO et al, 2014). A contaminação do leite por aflatoxina M 1 (AFM 1 ), principal composto originado pela biotransformação da AFB 1 no fígado, também diminui com o uso de adsorventes (DI NATALE et al, 2009;CARRARO et al, 2014). O uso de biomarcadores tem sido utilizado como indicativo da eficiência de adsorventes usados para diminuir a exposição humana às aflatoxinas (WANG et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Aflatoxina M1 e Aflatoxina B1-lisina como Biomarcadores de Avaliação da Eficiência de Adsorventes para Aflatoxinas: Artigo de Revisão

Rosim

Oliveira

Corassin

2018

Ens Cien C Biol Agra Saúde

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A contaminação de alimentos por aflatoxinas, principalmente, a aflatoxina B1 (AFB1) representa um problema mundial para a saúde humana e animal. Uma forma de avaliar a exposição a estes contaminantes é analisando a dieta para verificar a ocorrência destes compostos. Esta metodologia, no entanto, tem limitações devido à variabilidade das aflatoxinas encontradas nos alimentos e às diferenças individuais na toxicocinética dos compostos. Por outro lado, o biomonitoramento de aflatoxinas em fluidos biológicos se utilizando de biomarcadores gera informações mais confiáveis sobre a exposição a estas toxinas nos indivíduos. O uso de adsorventes químicos na ração animal possibilita a detoxificação de aflatoxinas sem produzir efeitos tóxicos nem alterar as propriedades nutricionais. Este trabalho teve por objetivo revisar os dados publicados sobre a eficiência in vitro e in vivo de adsorventes para aflatoxinas, bem como estudos referentes ao uso da aflatoxina M1 (AFM1) e da AFB1-lisina como biomarcadores para avaliar a redução da biodisponibilidade da AFB1 por adsorventes em rações. Trabalhos relevantes publicados nos últimos dez anos (2009-presente) foram selecionados nas bases de dados PubMed, Science Direct e Google Scholar. A determinação de AFM1 no leite e/ou na urina, bem como de AFB1-lisina no soro, indica a biodisponibilidade individual da AFB1 em ensaios para avaliar a eficiência de adsorventes em animais. Deste modo, a utilização destes biomarcadores permite reduzir os custos dos ensaios in vivo, além de proporcionar maior padronização dos experimentos e possibilitar a avaliação da eficiência dos adsorventes em condições de campo. Palavras chave: AFB1. - Adsorventes Minerais. Biomarcadores de Exposição - AFB1-lisina - AFM1 AbstractFood contamination by aflatoxins, mainly aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), is a worldwide concern for human and animal health. A possible way to assess the exposure to these contaminants is through the diet analyses to verify the occurrence of mycotoxins. However, this methodology has important limitations due to the variability of mycotoxins found in the food and the individual differences in the toxicokinetics of the compounds. On the other hand, biomonitoring of aflatoxins in biological fluids using biomarkers generates more reliable information on the exposure to these toxins in individuals. The use of chemical adsorbents in animal feed makes it possible to detoxify mycotoxins without producing toxic effects or altering the nutritional properties. The aim of this study was to revise the available published data on the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of adsorbents for aflatoxins, as well as studies on the use of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and AFB1-lysine as biomarkers to evaluate the reduction in the bioavailability of AFB1 by adsorbents in feed. Relevant articles published in the last 10 years (2009-present) were selected in PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar. Determination of AFM1 in milk and/or urine, and AFB1-lysine in serum, indicate the individual bioavailability of AFB1 in trials conducted for evaluation of adsorbent’s efficiency in animals. Thus, the use of these biomarkers may reduce the costs of in vivo trials, increase the standardization of experiments, and evaluate the adsorbents’ efficiency under field conditions. Keywords: Aflatoxin B1 – Clays - Exposure Biomarkers - Aflatoxin B1-lysine Aflatoxin M1.

show abstract

“…Human exposure to AFM 1 is also a threat. Adults especially children, for whom milk and dairy products are very important food, once consume these contaminated dairy products will face enormous risks (Carraro et al, ). Despite this concern, only a handful of current studies on the detoxification of AFM1 contaminated milk can be seen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite this concern, only a handful of current studies on the detoxification of AFM1 contaminated milk can be seen. Various methods including biological, chemical, and physical methods have been proposed for the degradation of AFM 1 (Carraro et al, ; Deveci, ; Elsanhoty, Salam, Ramadan, & Badr, ). However, the application of these methods in the food industry has its own limitations due to food safety problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification, characterization, and functional groups of an extracellular aflatoxin M₁‐detoxifizyme from Bacillus pumilus E‐1‐1‐1

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The experiment was conducted to purify high activity extracellular enzymes, which were produced by a strain that we previously screened was able to degrade aflatoxin effectively, and speculate the functional groups of the enzyme associated with degradation. An extracellular aflatoxin‐detoxifizyme (DAFE) from Bacillus pumilus E‐1‐1‐1 was purified through a process including ammonium sulfate precipitation, ultrafiltration, Sephadex chromatography, and ion exchange chromatography. The molecular mass of the enzyme assessed by SDS‐PAGE was found to be approximately 58 kDa. The optimum reaction temperature and pH for the purified enzyme were 45°C and pH 7, respectively. The enzyme showed temperature stability of up to 60°C. Ba2+, Ca2+ Na+, Mn2+, EDTA, and β‐mercaptoethanol showed inhibitory effects on the enzyme activity. Mg2+, Fe3+, Zn2+ and K+ were the activators of enzymes. This enzyme was composed of at least 15 kinds of amino acids. Lysine, tryptophan, and histidine residues were necessary and major functional groups to maintain enzyme activity, disulfide bonds were observed, serine residues had little effect on the enzyme activity, so it was not the necessary group to reflect the enzyme activity, and arginine had no effect on enzyme activity.

show abstract

Clay minerals as adsorbents of aflatoxin M1 from contaminated milk and effects on milk quality

Cited by 70 publications

References 41 publications

Feed additives containing sequestrant clay minerals and inactivated yeast reduce aflatoxin excretion in milk of dairy cows

Feed additives containing sequestrant clay minerals and inactivated yeast reduce aflatoxin excretion in milk of dairy cows

Aflatoxina M1 e Aflatoxina B1-lisina como Biomarcadores de Avaliação da Eficiência de Adsorventes para Aflatoxinas: Artigo de Revisão

Purification, characterization, and functional groups of an extracellular aflatoxin M₁‐detoxifizyme from Bacillus pumilus E‐1‐1‐1

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Clay minerals as adsorbents of aflatoxin M1 from contaminated milk and effects on milk quality

Cited by 70 publications

References 41 publications

Feed additives containing sequestrant clay minerals and inactivated yeast reduce aflatoxin excretion in milk of dairy cows

Feed additives containing sequestrant clay minerals and inactivated yeast reduce aflatoxin excretion in milk of dairy cows

Aflatoxina M1 e Aflatoxina B1-lisina como Biomarcadores de Avaliação da Eficiência de Adsorventes para Aflatoxinas: Artigo de Revisão

Purification, characterization, and functional groups of an extracellular aflatoxin M1‐detoxifizyme from Bacillus pumilus E‐1‐1‐1

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Purification, characterization, and functional groups of an extracellular aflatoxin M₁‐detoxifizyme from Bacillus pumilus E‐1‐1‐1