Classification review of dental adhesive systems: from the IV generation to the universal type

Abstract

SummaryAdhesive dentistry has undergone great progress in the last decades. In light of minimal-invasive dentistry, this new approach promotes a more conservative cavity design, which relies on the effectiveness of current enamel-dentine adhesives. Adhesive dentistry began in 1955 by Buonocore on the benefits of acid etching. With changing technologies, dental adhesives have evolved from noetch to total-etch (4 th and 5 th generation) to self-etch (6 th , 7 th and 8 th generation) systems. Currently, bonding to dental substrates is based on three different strategies: 1) etch-and-rinse, 2) self-etch and 3) resin-modified glass-ionomer approach as possessing the unique properties of self-adherence to the tooth tissue. More recently, a new family of dentin adhesives has been introduced (universal or multi-mode adhesives), which may be used either as etch-and-rinse or as self-etch adhesives. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on the current knowledge for each adhesive system according to their classification that have been advocated by many authorities in most operative/restorative procedures. As noted by several valuable studies that have contributed to understanding of bonding to various substrates helps clinicians to choose the appropriate dentin bonding agents for optimal clinical outcomes.

Dentin Bonding and SEM Analysis of a New Experimental Universal Adhesive System Containing a Dendrimer

“…According to recently published work, it is consensual that for enamel adhesion, the bond strength of the Universal adhesive is improved when 32-40% phosphoric acid is applied prior to the next stages of dental restoration [7,30]. Regarding dentin adhesion, there is still some controversy among authors [3,30]; however, Sofan et al [7], referred that adequate bonding can be achieved with either etch-and-rinse (ER) or self-etch protocols (SE).…”

Evaluation of bond strength of one step and two steps self-etch adhesive agents with two different pulp-capping materials

“…Samonagrizajući dentinski lepkovi uklanjaju fazu ispiranja, značajno smanjujući vreme kliničke primene, osetljivost tehnike i greške rizika tokom nanošenja [8]. Lepkovi za samonagrizanje mogu se klasifikovati u dvokomponentne samonagrizajuće lepkove, koji uključuju nanošenje dodatnog sloja hidrofobne smole bez rastvarača koji stvaraju jače lepljive slojeve, i jednokomponentne lepkove, koji sadrže hidrofilne monomere, vodu i isparljive rastvarače [9,10].…”

“…Self-etch adhesives eliminate the rinsing phase, significantly reducing clinical application time, technique sensitivity, and risk errors during application [8]. Self-etch adhesives can be classified into two-step self-etch adhesives that include the application of an additional layer of solvent-free hydrophobic resin creating stronger adhesive layers, and one step self-etch adhesives which contain hydrophilic monomers, water, and volatile solvents [9,10]. Bond strength between dentin liners and composite depends on their physicochemical properties, nature of the bond between liner and RC, and the types of adhesive used.…”

Befestigungsmöglichkeiten von Brackets und Attachments in der Kieferorthopädie

“…Die Oberfläche darf nach der Ätzung jedoch nicht zu stark getrocknet werden, damit das Kollagennetzwerk nicht zusammenfällt und den Haftverbund deutlich reduziert. Eine Überätzung von Dentin ist zu verhindern, somit sollte die Ätzzeit nicht länger als 20 Sekunden getragen [52][53][54][55].…”