Classification of Volcanic-Associated Massive Sulfide Deposits Based on Host-Rock Composition

Barrie, C. Tucker; Hannington, Mark D.

doi:10.5382/rev.08.01

Cited by 91 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…These features are typical of many VHMS deposits that formed in an extensional regime of back-arc basin and rifted island arc or rifted continental magmatic arc (e.g. Barrie & Hannington, 1999), and are in agreement also with emplacement of VHMS deposits in an area of relatively thin crust, such as the Mount Chalmers deposits in Queensland, Australia (Gulson & Vaasjoki, 1987).…”

Section: Bukit Botol Depositsupporting

confidence: 69%

Pb‐isotope compositions of the Tasik Chini volcanic‐hosted massive sulfide deposit, Central Belt of Peninsular Malaysia: Implication for source region and tectonic setting

et al. 2017

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Lead isotope data of sulfides and host volcanic rocks from the Bukit Botol and Bukit Ketaya deposits, the two representative deposits of the Tasik Chini volcanic‐hosted massive sulfide (VHMS) deposit, Central Belt of Peninsular Malaysia, are reported. Lead isotope compositions of the associated sulfide minerals and volcanic rocks from the Bukit Botol deposit exhibit homogeneous and less radiogenic values (206Pb/204Pb showing a range of composition from 18.14 to 18.20, 207Pb/204Pb between 15.52 and 15.59 and 208Pb/204Pb from 37.96 to 38.35). Similarly, the Pb isotopic compositions of the host volcanic rocks from the Bukit Ketaya deposit yielded a narrow range to those of the sulfide samples (206Pb/204Pb from 18.04 to 18.20, 207Pb/204Pb between 15.43 and 15.57 and 208Pb/204Pb of 37.96 to 38.30). The uniform Pb‐isotope compositions of the sulfides in the ore horizon and the host volcanic rocks from both deposits suggest a derivation from a similar source reservoir and mineralization processes. In the framework of the tectonic model for the Central Belt of Peninsular Malaysia, both deposits display a range of lead isotopic compositions originated from mixing of bulk crust/juvenile arc and minor mantle sources, which are typical for VHMS deposits in an island arc–back arc setting.

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Section: Bukit Botol Depositsupporting

confidence: 69%

Pb‐isotope compositions of the Tasik Chini volcanic‐hosted massive sulfide deposit, Central Belt of Peninsular Malaysia: Implication for source region and tectonic setting

et al. 2017

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“…Although the LaRonde Penna deposit is distinct from many other VMS deposits, the geologic setting of the deposit is similar to the bimodal, felsic-dominated class of VMS deposits proposed by Barrie and Hannington (1999). The stratigraphic succession at LaRonde Penna contains more than 50 percent transitional to calc-alkaline felsic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks with less than 20 percent mafic strata Mercier-Langevin et al, 2004).…”

Section: Comparison Of Laronde Penna With Other Vms Depositsmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…The extensive footwall alteration, characterized by Na leaching and Mn enrichment, and the predominantly Zn-rich metallic signature with significant Ag, Pb, and Au are all consistent with the bimodal-felsic group. However, the size of the deposit and the Au grade are significantly greater than the average Archean bimodal-felsic deposits (7.1 Mt at 6.23% Zn and 0.83 g/t Au: Barrie and Hannington, 1999). The presence of the aluminous alteration hosting the 20 North gold mineralization at depth in the mine is also atypical of the bimodal-felsic group.…”

Section: Comparison Of Laronde Penna With Other Vms Depositsmentioning

confidence: 79%

The LaRonde Penna World-Class Au-Rich Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide Deposit, Abitibi, Quebec: Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Alteration and Implications for Genesis and Exploration

et al. 2007

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Gold-rich volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits consist of synvolcanic banded and concordant massive sulfide lenses and adjacent stockwork feeder zones in which gold concentration in g/t Au exceeds the combined Cu, Pb, Zn grades in wt percent and thus constitutes the main commodity. The Agnico-Eagle LaRonde Penna deposit is a world-class Au-rich VMS (production, reserves and resources of 58.8 Mt at 4.31 g/t Au) located in the eastern part of the Blake River Group of the Abitibi greenstone belt. The deposit comprises four stacked massive sulfide lenses within the upper member of the Bousquet Formation (2698-2697 Ma). The two main ore zones, 20 North and 20 South, are sheetlike, massive to semimassive polymetallic sulfide lenses and stringer zones. Both lenses and sulfide stringers are deformed and transposed by the main foliation. The 20 North lens (Zn-Au-Ag-Cu-Pb) is the main orebody. It is subdivided into two zones: the 20N Au and 20N Zn zones. The 20N Au zone is a transposed and ribbon-textured gold-and copper-rich pyrite-chalcopyrite stringer zone overlain to the south by a 10-to 30-m-thick massive pyrite-sphalerite-galena lens (20N Zn zone). The 20 South lens is an 8-to 10-m-thick gold-and zinc-rich massive sulfide and stringer zone located about 10 to 15 m below the Cadillac Group sedimentary rocks (<2687 Ma). At depth (≥1,900 m below surface), the 20 North and 20 South lenses grade into aluminous zones composed mainly of quartz-pyrite-kyanite-andalusite-muscovite-Zn-rich staurolite assemblages that host transposed sulfide stringers and local semimassive to massive Au-rich pyrite and chalcopyrite layers.The synvolcanic hydrothermal alteration now corresponds to mappable upper greenschist-lower amphibolite-grade metamorphic assemblages. The footwall of the 20 North lens is characterized by a large discordant to semiconformable distal quartz-biotite ± garnet assemblage, which transitions laterally into a proximal quartzgarnet-biotite-muscovite zone. The abundance of pink Mn-rich garnet porphyroblasts increases toward the 20N Au zone. The hanging wall of the 20 North lens is characterized by a meter-thick zone of fracture-controlled pink alteration composed of quartz, biotite, rutile and/or anatase, and titanite associated with barren sulfide stringers.The garnet-rich assemblage in the footwall records gains in MnO, Fe2O3(total), and MgO and losses of Na2O. In the hanging wall, Fe2O3(total), S, and CO2 were added to the rocks with a slight increase in K2O, and CaO. At depth (≥1,900 m), the Au-rich aluminous replacement zone is a (up to 30 m) thick, highly strained zone composed of a quartz-pyrite-kyanite-andalusite-chalcopyrite-gold assemblage. All oxides except Al2O3, SiO2, and Fe2O3(total) were strongly leached. The metamorphosed hydrothermal alteration associated with the 20 South lens is characterized by a pink quartz-biotite-rutile-titanite assemblage very similar to that in the hanging wall of the 20 North lens. Toward the ore zone, the pink assemblage is gradually replaced by a proximal quartz-musc...

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“…Many VMS-type Cu-Zn deposits are distributed all over the world but in different tectonic settings (Table 5). Barrie and Hannington (1999) did a statistical analysis of the tonnages of the metals of well knows VMS deposits of the world, grouped by their host-rock lithologic class. They found that the tonnages of Cu and Au positively correlate to the percentage of the mafic volcanic rocks which directly host the orebody, and the reserves of Pb, Ag positively correlate to the percentage of the felsic volcanic rocks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ashele VMS-type Cu-Zn Deposit in Xinjiang, NW China Formed in a Rifted Arc Setting

2010

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The Ashele Cu-Zn deposit is a typical VMS deposit in Chinese Altay located in the southern margin of the Altaid orogen. The deposit occurred in the polyphase fold system, and the main orebody is located at the hinge of the syncline. All orebodies show lenticular form, and are stratabound by a suite of early to middle Devonian bimodal volcanic rocks. The hosting basalt is low K tholeiite and characterized with high Mg, Fe, Ca and low K, Ti. These basalts show flat REE pattern with Ce negative anomaly (Ce/Ce* 0.73-0.76). Niobium, Ta, Zr, Hf are depleted and Rb, Ba, Th, U, Sr, Pb are enriched with respect to the N-MORB. Both the Sr and Nd isotopes show depleted properties, while the ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr)i and the eNd(t) range from 0.70469 to 0.70488 and 4.6 to 5.3, respectively. All geochemical and isotopic data from the hosting basalt show that it originates from an island arc source. We also report the S isotope data from the massive orebody, and d 34 S‰ change from 1.8‰ to 5.6‰. The S isotope data provide evidence that the sulfur originates from a mixing source between magma and seawater sulfate. We propose that the mafic magma provides the ore-forming metal and some percentage of sulfur, while it also acts as a heat engine which makes the fluids leach the metal from the underlying volcanic rocks. Combining the geological characteristics of the Ashele and geochemical data, and comparing with other Cu-Zn VMS deposits in the world, we propose that Ashele formed in a rifted arc setting.

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Classification of Volcanic-Associated Massive Sulfide Deposits Based on Host-Rock Composition

Cited by 91 publications

References 22 publications

Pb‐isotope compositions of the Tasik Chini volcanic‐hosted massive sulfide deposit, Central Belt of Peninsular Malaysia: Implication for source region and tectonic setting

Pb‐isotope compositions of the Tasik Chini volcanic‐hosted massive sulfide deposit, Central Belt of Peninsular Malaysia: Implication for source region and tectonic setting

The LaRonde Penna World-Class Au-Rich Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide Deposit, Abitibi, Quebec: Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Alteration and Implications for Genesis and Exploration

The Ashele VMS-type Cu-Zn Deposit in Xinjiang, NW China Formed in a Rifted Arc Setting

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