Classification of Cannabis Cultivars Marketed in Canada for Medical Purposes by Quantification of Cannabinoids and Terpenes Using HPLC-DAD and GC-MS

Jin, Dan; Jin, Shengxi; Yu, Yang; Lee, Colin; Chen, Jie

doi:10.4172/2155-9872.1000349

Cited by 35 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A striking feature of the plots of CBDA concentrations against THCA concentrations is the positive correlation between the two for those strains which make each compound in significant quantity (the center cluster). The finding that all those strains with high THCA also have corresponding high CBDA levels, in that subset of strains, is also a striking finding of other studies of a range of strain collections, from the Canadian medical market (Jin et al 2017), a collection of strains from diverse sources including breeders and law enforcement (Hillig and Mahlberg 2004) and a study of the legalized market in the State of Washington (Jikomes and Zoorob 2018). Judging from these studies, it appears to be very uncommon to have strains that would have more than 15% THCA and have more than a negligible amount of CBDA (> 3%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Analysis of the cannabinoid content of strains available in the New Jersey Medicinal Marijuana Program

Coogan¹

2019

J Cannabis Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The six licensed operators in the New Jersey Medicinal Marijuana Program submit their strains of cannabis flower to a single laboratory, administered by the state's Department of Health, for testing. The results of these tests are made available by the State on a web page for patients, allowing a study of the range of cannabinoid profiles available in the program. Methods: Reports on cannabinoid concentrations were collected from 245 test reports released by the State lab; the relative quantities of cannabinoids on all strains was evaluated, as well as trends in the strain types being tested. Results: The collection of strain profiles available in New Jersey conforms to results of other population studies, revealing three broad classification of strains based on their relative concentration of cannabinoids: the overwhelmingly majority of strains contain only trace (< 1%) CBDA but high THCA concentration; a handful are balanced in CBDA and THCA content; and a very few strains have a high concentration of CBDA and minimal THCA (< 1%). In those strains that contain more than 1% of both THCA and CBDA, those two substances are present in comparable quantities. The concentration of CBGA is higher in those strains that have the highest THCA concentration, though there are strains that have high THCA (> 20%) with CBGA concentrations at the low end of the range (< 0.5%). In the high CBD strains, the concentration of CBGA is positively correlated with CBDA, but the CBGA concentrations are several fold less in CBD-dominant strains than in THC-dominant strains: the highest measured CBGA concentration in a CBD-dominant strain is only at the average value of CBGA concentration in THC-dominant strains. The most-recently tested strains are overwhelmingly of the THC-dominant type. Conclusions: Though some high CBD strains are available in the New Jersey medical marijuana program, the vast majority of strains that have been tested are the THC-dominant strains which contain less than 1% CBDA. The data available from the State does not include any information on how well the different strains sell, but it can be inferred from the trend in strain types tested that the demand in the New Jersey medical market is for THCdominant strains.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Analysis of the cannabinoid content of strains available in the New Jersey Medicinal Marijuana Program

Coogan¹

2019

J Cannabis Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The ratios of total THC to total CBD matched with some of those representatives of the wide-leaflet drug (WLD) ("Indica" in the vernacular) and narrow-leaflet drug (NLD) ("Sativa" in the vernacular) biotypes 55,56 but contradicted others 49,57 . Studies have shown that the concentrations of total THC and total CBD have no discriminatory value for chemovars in the modern vernacular ("Sativa" vs. "Indica") due to the misuse of the botanical nomenclature, extensive cross-breeding, and unreliable labelling during unrecorded hybridization [48][49][50][51]56,58,59 .…”

Section: Methods Validation For Sterols and Triterpenoids The Correlamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This multipart study included the development of quantitative methods using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) for cannabinoids, liquid chromatography coupled with a standard ultraviolet detector and mass spectroscopy (LC-UV-MS) for flavonoids, and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) for terpenoids and sterols. Relevant compounds were selected based on their pharmacological activities 5,8 , or use in other cannabis classification studies [48][49][50][51] . The methods were then employed for generating the chemical profiles of the inflorescences, leaves, stem barks, and roots of three selected cannabis chemovars (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary Metabolites Profiled in Cannabis Inflorescences, Leaves, Stem Barks, and Roots for Medicinal Purposes

Jin

Dai

Xie

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

Self Cite

174

167

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cannabis research has historically focused on the most prevalent cannabinoids. However, extracts with a broad spectrum of secondary metabolites may have increased efficacy and decreased adverse effects compared to cannabinoids in isolation. Cannabis's complexity contributes to the length and breadth of its historical usage, including the individual application of the leaves, stem barks, and roots, for which modern research has not fully developed its therapeutic potential. This study is the first attempt to profile secondary metabolites groups in individual plant parts comprehensively. We profiled 14 cannabinoids, 47 terpenoids (29 monoterpenoids, 15 sesquiterpenoids, and 3 triterpenoids), 3 sterols, and 7 flavonoids in cannabis flowers, leaves, stem barks, and roots in three chemovars available. Cannabis inflorescence was characterized by cannabinoids (15.77-20.37%), terpenoids (1.28-2.14%), and flavonoids (0.07-0.14%); the leaf by cannabinoids (1.10-2.10%), terpenoids (0.13-0.28%), and flavonoids (0.34-0.44%); stem barks by sterols (0.07-0.08%) and triterpenoids (0.05-0.15%); roots by sterols (0.06-0.09%) and triterpenoids (0.13-0.24%). This comprehensive profile of bioactive compounds can form a baseline of reference values useful for research and clinical studies to understand the "entourage effect" of cannabis as a whole, and also to rediscover therapeutic potential for each part of cannabis from their traditional use by applying modern scientific methodologies. Cannabis is a complex herbal medicine containing several classes of secondary metabolites, including at least 104 cannabinoids, 120 terpenoids (including 61 monoterpenes, 52 sesquiterpenoids, and 5 triterpenoids), 26 flavonoids, and 11 steroids among 545 identified compounds 1-6. The postulated biosynthetic pathways for these metabolite groups 7,8 are outlined in Fig. 1. Cannabis has attracted a new wave of interest for its broad medicinal applications as 1) an analgesic, potentially as an adjunct to or substitute for opiates in the treatment of chronic pain 9 , and 2) an appetite stimulant and digestive aid 10 , among others. Since the 1960s, the research has focussed mainly on cannabinoids, ∆ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆ 9-THC), and cannabidiol (CBD) in particular 11-28. The major psychoactive content expressed as total THC decreases in the order of inflorescences (10-12%), leaves (1-2%), stems (0.1-0.3%), roots (<0.03%), and seeds (generally absent) 29. As such, female flower tops are harvested while other parts are often discarded by growers 29. This is a potentially unnecessary waste. As an ancient medicine in various cultures, each part of the cannabis plant has been historically indicated with a wide range of applications relating mostly to painkilling, inflammation releasing, and mental illness treatment 30-33. Compounds other than ∆ 9-THC and CBD may contribute to the therapeutic effects of each plant part in their traditional uses. Minor cannabinoids, such as cannabinol (CBN), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabichromene (CBC), also have broad therapeu...

show abstract

“…The EO compounds were identified by a comparison of their Mass spectra with those reported in the Mass Spectral Library Nist 14 and by means of their Linear Retention Indices (LRI) relative to a series of n-alkanes (C 8 -C 30 ) on the same capillary column. LRI obtained were compared with values reported in the literature [26,27,[35][36][37][38][39][40]].…”

Section: Apparatus Sample Preparation Identification and Quantificamentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield and Quality of Essential Oils in Hemp Varieties in Different Environments

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Due to its possible utilization in cosmetics, medicine and crop protection, as a valuable alternative to petrochemical-derived products, hemp essential oil is now considered a product with high value added and a promising marketing potential. This experiment was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effect of four different locations of Northern Italy during two years (four environments) and three hemp monoecious varieties on the production and quality of essential oils (EOs) obtained by inflorescences harvested at full flowering of female flowers. The highest inflorescence yield was obtained at Maiano 2017, where a superficial groundwater layer (1.5 m) was present, with values that ranged from 1.69 of Fedora to 2.06 t ha−1 of Futura. EOs production ranged between 3.4 and 4.9 L ha−1, affected mainly by the variety effect. The terpene in EOs, very similar between varieties and environments, was mainly composed of sesquiterpenes (caryophillene and humulene, as the most abundant) rather than monoterpenes (α-pinene, β-myrcene and trans-β-ocimene, in particular). Phytocannabinoids, and in particular cannabidiol (CBD), were not removed from tissues by the steam during hydrodistillation, and if this is confirmed by further experiments, the residual biomass, now considered as waste, could assume significant importance as a source for further utilization.

show abstract

Classification of Cannabis Cultivars Marketed in Canada for Medical Purposes by Quantification of Cannabinoids and Terpenes Using HPLC-DAD and GC-MS

Cited by 35 publications

References 18 publications

Analysis of the cannabinoid content of strains available in the New Jersey Medicinal Marijuana Program

Analysis of the cannabinoid content of strains available in the New Jersey Medicinal Marijuana Program

Secondary Metabolites Profiled in Cannabis Inflorescences, Leaves, Stem Barks, and Roots for Medicinal Purposes

Yield and Quality of Essential Oils in Hemp Varieties in Different Environments

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About