Classification of Bacteriocins from Gram-Positive Bacteria

Genetic characterisation and heterologous expression of leucocin C, a class IIa bacteriocin from Leuconostoc carnosum 4010

“…nonbacteriocin lytic proteins (Cotter et al 2005a). Based on this classification scheme, class I lately covers all post-translationally modified bacteriocins from G + bacteria, whereas the class II and bacteriolysins retained the same (Rea et al 2011). In the latest review of bacteriocins produced by LAB, these AMPs were divided into four major groups.…”

“…In this chapter, LAB bacteriocins will be divided into 3 classes: class I (lantibiotics), class II (unmodified heat-stable bacteriocins), and class III (large heat-labile bacteriocins) based on recent classification schemes Rea et al 2011).…”

“…Nisin as the first identified lantibiotic has been the most studied. In the present classification, class I bacteriocins can be further divided into four subgroups on the basis of the modification pathway and antimicrobial activity (Rea et al 2011).…”

“…Type III lantibiotics were described as lanthionine-containing peptides without antimicrobial activity. SapB, SapT and AmfS belong to type C, as their modification enzymes share homology to the C-terminal domain of LanM (Meindl et al 2010;Kuipers et al 2011;Rea et al 2011). The type IV lantibiotics possess novel lanthionine synthetases called LanL.…”

“…They have clear lantibiotic characteristics in their structures and biosynthetic means, but their antimicrobial activities are still unknown (Goto 2010;Rea et al 2011). …”