Classification, Epidemiology, and Genetics of Orofacial Clefts

Assessment of Mothers’ Needs for their Infants who have Cleft Lip and/or Palate

“…Cleft lip (CL) and palate (CP) occurs in about 1 to 2 per 1000 births in the developed world. CL is about twice as common in males as females, while CP without CL is more common in females [2] . In a study done in Egypt (Ain Shams University hospital) during the period from year 1995 up to year 2009 about "congenital malformations prevalence among Egyptian children (from birth up to 18 years) and associated risk factors", the study results revealed that the CL and CP prevalence were 0.3/1000 among the study sample [3] .…”

Maternal obesity is a risk factor for orofacial clefts: a meta-analysis

“…3 Maternal conditions such as diabetes, alcohol consumption, and smoking before and during pregnancy, have also been associated with these birth defects. 1,4 According to the World Health Organization (WHO) about 27% of the world's adult population is overweight or obese, with about 300 million obese women. 5 Maternal overweight and obesity before pregnancy have been associated with an increased risk of maternal complications such as preeclampsia and gestational diabetes, together with perinatal death and congenital malformations.…”

“…The prevalence of cleft lip and palate (1/1000 births) and of cleft palate alone (1/1600 births) varies according to the ethnic origin, geographical location, and socioeconomic group, among other factors. 1 Around 350 syndromes include orofacial clefts among their features, and they comprise about 30% of all clefts. The remaining 70% are isolated (non-syndromic) orofacial clefts.…”

“…The remaining 70% are isolated (non-syndromic) orofacial clefts. 1 Given their prevalence and the complexity of their rehabilitation plus medical costs and the emotional burden to patients and their families, these malformations are a worldwide public health problem. 2 The aetiology of orofacial clefts can be explained by the interaction between functionally-altered genes and environmental factors.…”

Prevalence and Incidence of Orofacial Cleft Anomalies in Children with Cleft Lip and Palate Associated with Etiological Deformities in Hail Region, Saudi Arabia

“…The global average prevalence of all orofacial clefts is 9.92 per 10.000, but there is substantial variation among different population [18]. The higher birth defect prevalence rates were reported from East Asian and Native American populations followed by European and South Asian populations, while the lower birth defect prevalence rates were reported from African ancestry population [19][20][21].…”