Classification and relationships of induced chromosomal structual changes.

Savage, John R. K.

doi:10.1136/jmg.13.2.103

Cited by 514 publications

(254 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Radiation induces chromosome-type aberrations; however, chemical substances generally induce chromatid-type aberrations. These phenomena may be explained by the facts that damage to DNA induced by a chemical substance is still not immediately reflected and that CAs appear only after DNA undergoes a synthetic period (26). In this study, many chromatid-type aberrations were found to occur due to exposure to the chemical substance (N-MDMA), and the ratio of exchange-type chromatid aberrations out of all chromosomes or chromatid aberrations increased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Geonotoxicity study of illegal drug MDMA and its nitroso derivative N-MDMA by micronucleus and chromosomal aberration tests using Chinese hamsger lung fibroblast cell line

Yoshioka

Shimizu

Toyama

et al. 2007

Environ Health Prev Med

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Objectives: An increase in incidence of the illegal use of tablets containing 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine hydrochloride (MDMA) has recently become a widespread social problem. MDMA ingested orally reacts with nitrite in the stomach and is synthesized into N-nitroso-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (N-MDMA). The aim of this study is to investigate the genotoxic effects of MDMA and N-MDMA on the basis of the results of an in vitro micronucleus (MN) test and an in vitro chromosomal aberration (CA) test using a Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cell line (CHL/IU).Methods: Tablets containing MDMA obtained from the Regional Bureau of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare were purified, and N-MDMA was synthesized from MDMA in our laboratory. To evaluate the effects of MDMA and N-MDMA, the MN test established by our laboratory and the CA test in accordance with the guidelines for toxicity studies of drugs recommended by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare were performed.Results: In the MN test, no increased frequency of MNs was not found for MDMA. On the other hand, an apparently increased frequency of MNs was observed for N-MDMA. In the CA test, no CA was found for MDMA, but CA was observed for N-MDMA apparently.Conclusion: N-MDMA genotoxicity was observed in the MN and CA tests. However, no MDMA genotoxicity was observed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Geonotoxicity study of illegal drug MDMA and its nitroso derivative N-MDMA by micronucleus and chromosomal aberration tests using Chinese hamsger lung fibroblast cell line

Yoshioka

Shimizu

Toyama

et al. 2007

Environ Health Prev Med

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“…This effect was previously recorded by Abderrhman (1998) and Banerjee (1992) for Peganum harmala and tobacco extracts respectively. The present effect of Calotropis extract is probably due to direct effect on viscosity of the protoplasm and DNA proteins of the chromosomes as stated by Savage (1975) and Abderrhman (1998).…”

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confidence: 85%

Cytogenetic Effects of Calotropis procera Extract on Vicia faba L.

Haroun

Shehri

2001

CYTOLOGIA

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Summary The present investigation study the morphological and cytogenetic effects of Calotropis procera extract on Vicia faba L. The control plants being normal while treated ones are significantly affected. Four concentrations (5, 15, 30, 60%) of this extract were applied for 3 duration time. For treated seeds, low doses caused increase in mitotic indix (MI) and exhibit stimulatory effect on percentage of germination and plant height. On the other hand high concentratiosn gave rise to substantial reduction in MI, percentage of germination and plant height and all were found dose and time dependent. In contrast, all parameters tested for treated roots were found negatively affected with no exception and found more harmful and effective compared to seed treatment experiment. Various types of mitotic and meiotic abnormalities were observed. Their percentage of these abnormalities was also found dose and time dependent. Stickiness type was found more frequent compared with other types. The extract also affect chromosome association during meiosis. Chromosome pairing, chiasma frequency and pollen fertility were found negatively affected and dose dependent. The present data confirm the use of this extract as insect control at high concentrations is harmful to plants as non-target organism. It also recommend the use of lower concentration (15%), which has a significant affect on insect with very low side effects on plants. Key words Calotropis procera extract, Cytogenetic effects, Vicia faba The use of synthetic chemicals for plant protection and their cytogenetic effects have been well documented (Shehab 1980, Mohammed 1986, Badr et al. 1985, Qureshi et al. 1988. No doubt, that most of synthetic chemical used surround the world resulted in disturbances of environment and lethal on non target organisms e.g., plant, animal etc. For these reasons, it has become necessary to search alternative natural compounds for environmental safety.Extracts of many plants have been tested for the above reasons (El Gammal et al. 1988, Nassar 1995, Nassar et al. 1997, Soliman and El Sherif 1995, Mohammed 1986. Although many studies were carried on the cytogenetic effects of many plant extracts (Kumar and Kumar 1972, Kabarity and Malallah 1980, Adams and Rashad 1984, Abderrhman 1998, Shapira et al. 1989, Li et al. 1995, Abou El Kheir and Abou El Kheir 1992, Omani et al. 1996, El Khodary 1980, and some others are still in need for such investigation.Extract of Calotropis procera (Family Asclepiadaceae) has been used as botanical insect growth inhibitor by Nassar (1995) and Giridhar et al. (1984). The extract shows effective results as insecticide at certain concentrations.The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of different concentrations (5, 15, 30, 60%) of this extract on percentage of germination, plant growth and cytogenetic of Vicia faba as non target organism. Parameters measured were plant height, percentage of germination, mitotic index, aberrations and mitotic behaviour.

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“…Another class of anomalies observed is chro mosomal stickiness which is also induced by several agricultural chemicals (Grant 1978). Stickiness is generally regarded as a physiological effect on chromosomes during division (Savage 1975) and has been considered as a category of chromatid aberration (Klasterska et al 1976). The third class of chromosomal anomalies produced by turbutryn is chromosome aberrations including chromosome breakage.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the s-triazine herbicide turbutryn on mitosis, chromosomes and nucleic acids in root tips of Vicia faba.

Badr

1986

CYTOLOGIA

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Classification and relationships of induced chromosomal structual changes.

Cited by 514 publications

References 33 publications

Geonotoxicity study of illegal drug MDMA and its nitroso derivative N-MDMA by micronucleus and chromosomal aberration tests using Chinese hamsger lung fibroblast cell line

Geonotoxicity study of illegal drug MDMA and its nitroso derivative N-MDMA by micronucleus and chromosomal aberration tests using Chinese hamsger lung fibroblast cell line

Cytogenetic Effects of Calotropis procera Extract on Vicia faba L.

Effects of the s-triazine herbicide turbutryn on mitosis, chromosomes and nucleic acids in root tips of Vicia faba.

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