Classification and characteristics of interferon‐related diabetes mellitus in Japan

Abstract

Potent combination therapy with PEG-IFN and ribavirin is likely associated with the increase in IFN-related type 1 diabetes. The combined measurement of GAD antibody and HLA-typing could be an effective strategy to predict the onset of type 1 diabetes associated with IFN therapy.

Characteristics of Interferon-Associated Diabetes Mellitus in Past 30 Years: A Review

“…However, type 1 diabetes had a longer incubation period than previously reported, ranging from 10 days to 14 years 63 . In this study, males were more likely to develop interferon-associated type 2 diabetes ( Table 1 ), consistent with Kazuhisa Muraishi’s study 38 . One possible explanation for its sex-specific frequency was that visceral obesity was the leading cause of insulin resistance, and visceral obesity was associated more often with men 64 .…”

“…This study summarized the clinical and laboratory characteristics of 66 patients with interferon-associated diabetes. Here, our study showed that interferon-associated type 1 diabetes was reported worldwide from 1992 to 2020 far more than type 2 diabetes, which was consistent with Kazuhisa Muraishi’s conclusion 38 . The incidence of T1DM in hepatitis C patients treated with interferon was 10–18 times that of the general population 5 9 58 .…”

“…The common alleles in Japan were HLA-DRB1*04/09/14 and DQB1*04/03/05. DRB1*04 and DRB1*09 were common in Nakamura’s and Muraishi’s studies 9 38 . In Italy, the common alleles were HLA-DRB1*04/03 and DQB1*02.…”

“…Patients were evaluated for clinical characteristics such as age, sex, IFN type, ribavirin use, treatment duration of IFN before the onset of diabetes, HLA type, and glutamate decarboxylase antibody-positive rate. We retrieved 82 cases of IFN-associated diabetes, including 1 case of our own (Supplementary Material 2) 4 5 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 . According to the consensus report by the ADA and the EASD 57 , we identified all IFN-associated type 1 diabetes cases.…”

Adipose Recruitment and Activation of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Fuel Metaflammation

“…A putative role of type I IFNs in systemic IR was suggested a long time ago in a study wherein IR developed in human subjects injected with IFN-a (59). Pegylated IFN-a therapy in patients with hepatitis C viral infection was also found to be associated with IR (60,61). Genetic deficiency of IRF7 (IFN regulatory factor 7), the critical transcription factor for induction of type I IFNs in pDCs (62), was found to protect mice from HFD-induced metabolic syndrome (63).…”