Classical Swine Fever in a Cuban Zone Intended for Eradication: Spatiotemporal Clustering and Risk Factors

Abstract

Classical Swine Fever (CSF) is an endemic disease in Cuba, and an eradication strategy by zones is planned by the Official Veterinary Service. The aim of this study was to identify high-risk areas of CSF and the risk factors associated with the disease occurrence in the Pinar del Río province, one of the prioritized areas in the eradication strategy. The outbreak occurrence at district level was analyzed through a 7-year period (2009 to 2015). A high-risk cluster (RR = 5.13, 95% CI 3.49-7.56) was detected during the last 2 years of the study period in the eastern half of the province, with 38 out of 97 districts included. The rate of CSF-affected holdings had a significant increase during 2014-2015 and seems to have occurred mainly in the high-risk cluster area. Swine population density by district (heads/km 2) and road length (km) by district were associated with the disease outbreak occurrence. These results provide new insights into the knowledge of the epidemiology of the disease in Cuban endemic conditions and can contribute to improving the control and the eradication strategy in this situation.

Spatiotemporal analysis of reported classical swine fever outbreaks in China (2005–2018) and the influence of weather

“…In terms of risk factors facilitating transmission of CSFV, high density of the pig population and temperature have been identified in multiple studies (Fonseca‐Rodríguez et al., 2020 ; Koenen et al., 1996 ; Porphyre et al., 2017 ; Weesendorp et al., 2008 ; Wijnker et al., 2008 ). To minimize the effect of pig population density and temperature when making comparisons, as well as to reduce the number of provinces involved in the analyses, we included provinces with at least one reported CSF outbreak during the study period and grouped them based on two sets of criteria: pig population size and climate zone.…”

Porvac® subunit vaccine induces neutralizing antibodies against all three main classical swine fever virus genotypes

“…In Cuba, CSFV is endemic and is the main health problem of swine farming in the country [5] Since 1965, massive vaccination campaigns have been carried out using a lapinized C-strain (Labiofam strain) in Cuba. However, since 1993, swine industry in Cuba has been stricken by increasing number of CSFV outbreaks.…”

A Critical Review about Different Vaccines against Classical Swine Fever Virus and Their Repercussions in Endemic Regions

“…Due to the lack of success in the previous control program, the Cuban Veterinarian authorities are currently implementing additional control measures to improve the current situation regarding CSF. These measures include, the introduction of a new eradication plan implemented by zones [ 194 ], with the use of novel in-house developed vaccine (Porvac vaccine). This new policy is being assessed in the country with promising results.…”