Classical and modern racial prejudice: a study of attitudes toward immigrants in Sweden

Abstract

In two studies we develop and validate a Classical — overt or direct — and a Modern — covert or subtle — Racial Prejudice Scale, concerning attitudes toward immigrants, for a Swedish (Scandinavian) context. Further, we examine whether these two forms of prejudice are distinguishable. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that, although highly correlated, classical and modern racial prejudice are distinguishable. This conclusion was also supported by various construct validations. The findings are discussed in relation to other studies that compare the content and structure of modern and classical racism. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Your Name Is Your Lifesaver: Anglicization of Names and Moral Dilemmas in a Trilogy of Transportation Accidents

“…3 Women overall were more likely to help, and this tendency may have blunted the impact of the target's name. Although our hypothesis was only confirmed among male participants, this result is consistent with findings that males tend to express more explicit intergroup bias than females (e.g., Akrami, Ekehammar, & Araya, 2000).…”

Your Name Is Your Lifesaver: Anglicization of Names and Moral Dilemmas in a Trilogy of Transportation Accidents

“…3 Women overall were more likely to help, and this tendency may have blunted the impact of the target's name. Although our hypothesis was only confirmed among male participants, this result is consistent with findings that males tend to express more explicit intergroup bias than females (e.g., Akrami, Ekehammar, & Araya, 2000).…”

How Does Adolescents’ Openness to Diversity Change Over Time? The Role of Majority-Minority Friendship, Friends’ Views, and Classroom Social Context

“…The results show that males have a greater likelihood than females of being on the average-declining trajectory. This finding is in line with previous studies showing that males on average are less likely to be open to diversity (Pascarella et al 1996), and have lower tolerance of disadvantaged groups (Tucker Smith et al 2016) and immigrants (Akrami et al 2000) than females. It also extends the previous literature by showing that male adolescents are at greater risk of becoming intolerant of differences over time.…”

Promoting Positive Attitudes Toward People With Down Syndrome: The Benefit of School Inclusion Programs1

“…For three of the four stereotype measures, females held more positive stereotypes than did males about people with Down syndrome. These results are in line with previous work that had shown the same clear sex differences across several contexts (Akrami et al, 2000;Altemeyer, 1998;Bryant & Baxter, 1997;Gross & John, 1998;Johnson & Marini, 1998;Kite & Whitley, 1996;Levin, 2004;Maras & Brown, 1996;Ratcliff et al, 2006;Whitley, 1999).…”

Your Name Is Your Lifesaver: Anglicization of Names and Moral Dilemmas in a Trilogy of Transportation Accidents

“…3 Women overall were more likely to help, and this tendency may have blunted the impact of the target's name. Although our hypothesis was only confirmed among male participants, this result is consistent with findings that males tend to express more explicit intergroup bias than females (e.g., Akrami, Ekehammar, & Araya, 2000).…”

How Does Adolescents’ Openness to Diversity Change Over Time? The Role of Majority-Minority Friendship, Friends’ Views, and Classroom Social Context

“…The results show that males have a greater likelihood than females of being on the average-declining trajectory. This finding is in line with previous studies showing that males on average are less likely to be open to diversity (Pascarella et al 1996), and have lower tolerance of disadvantaged groups (Tucker Smith et al 2016) and immigrants (Akrami et al 2000) than females. It also extends the previous literature by showing that male adolescents are at greater risk of becoming intolerant of differences over time.…”

Promoting Positive Attitudes Toward People With Down Syndrome: The Benefit of School Inclusion Programs1

“…For three of the four stereotype measures, females held more positive stereotypes than did males about people with Down syndrome. These results are in line with previous work that had shown the same clear sex differences across several contexts (Akrami et al, 2000;Altemeyer, 1998;Bryant & Baxter, 1997;Gross & John, 1998;Johnson & Marini, 1998;Kite & Whitley, 1996;Levin, 2004;Maras & Brown, 1996;Ratcliff et al, 2006;Whitley, 1999).…”

Your Name Is Your Lifesaver: Anglicization of Names and Moral Dilemmas in a Trilogy of Transportation Accidents

“…3 Women overall were more likely to help, and this tendency may have blunted the impact of the target's name. Although our hypothesis was only confirmed among male participants, this result is consistent with findings that males tend to express more explicit intergroup bias than females (e.g., Akrami, Ekehammar, & Araya, 2000).…”

How Does Adolescents’ Openness to Diversity Change Over Time? The Role of Majority-Minority Friendship, Friends’ Views, and Classroom Social Context

“…The results show that males have a greater likelihood than females of being on the average-declining trajectory. This finding is in line with previous studies showing that males on average are less likely to be open to diversity (Pascarella et al 1996), and have lower tolerance of disadvantaged groups (Tucker Smith et al 2016) and immigrants (Akrami et al 2000) than females. It also extends the previous literature by showing that male adolescents are at greater risk of becoming intolerant of differences over time.…”

Promoting Positive Attitudes Toward People With Down Syndrome: The Benefit of School Inclusion Programs1

“…For three of the four stereotype measures, females held more positive stereotypes than did males about people with Down syndrome. These results are in line with previous work that had shown the same clear sex differences across several contexts (Akrami et al, 2000;Altemeyer, 1998;Bryant & Baxter, 1997;Gross & John, 1998;Johnson & Marini, 1998;Kite & Whitley, 1996;Levin, 2004;Maras & Brown, 1996;Ratcliff et al, 2006;Whitley, 1999).…”