Civil society

Fisher, Dana R.; Galli, Anya M.

doi:10.4337/9781783470600.00037

Cited by 3 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Although there has been an explosion of nonstate actor activity outside the UNFCCC (Fisher & Galli, ), we remain focused on the role of nonstate actors within the UNFCCC. In this institutional context, nonstate actors are increasingly on numerical parity with government delegates, and delegations also progressively include more nonstate actors (Schroeder, Boykoff, & Spiers, ; Willetts, ).…”

Section: Nonstate Actors In the Unfccc And Beyondmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ground for exit was discontent with CAN's main pragmatic strategy that focused on inside lobbying tactics with the aim to influence negotiations: “CAN acts as lobbyists in suits instead of being watchdog environmentalists engaged in outside protests” (T. Anderson, Interview, 2013). CAN's strategy stood in sharp contrast to climate justice activists’ effort to break the fence and police line at Bella Center at COP15 in Copenhagen to take over the conference and hold the People's Assembly for Climate Justice (Fisher & Galli, ; Reitan & Gibson, , p. 402). In this instance disagreements over procedural rules (allocation of badges) and substantive normative commitments (mitigation pathways) acted as accountability standards, and members of the CJN decided to cut with CAN and exit the broader institutional framework, taking many members and resources with them.…”

Section: Institutional Accountability Through Exit Voice and Loyaltymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Institutional Accountability of Nonstate Actors in the UNFCCC: Exit, Voice, and Loyalty

Kuyper

Bäckstrand

Schroeder

2016

Review of Policy Research

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How are nonstate actors within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) held to account? In this article, we introduce the concept of “institutional accountability” to complement the wider literature(s) on accountability in climate governance. Within institutional frameworks, actors employ rules, norms, and procedures to demand justifications from one another. In light of those justifications, actors then use “exit, voice, or loyalty” to positively or negatively sanction each other. To depict the dynamics of institutional accountability, we analyze the role of nonstate actors in the nine constituency groups of the UNFCCC. We outline the constituency structure and the population of observer organizations. We then identify examples where nonstate actors employed institutional rules in tandem with exit, voice, or loyalty to foster accountability. In making this analysis we draw upon three years of on-site participation at UNFCCC meetings, document analysis, and more than 40 semi-structured interviews with state and nonstate actors. We conclude by discussing the scope and conditions under which institutional accountability may occur in other issue areas of global governance

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Section: Nonstate Actors In the Unfccc And Beyondmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Institutional Accountability Through Exit Voice and Loyaltymentioning

confidence: 99%

Institutional Accountability of Nonstate Actors in the UNFCCC: Exit, Voice, and Loyalty

Kuyper

Bäckstrand

Schroeder

2016

Review of Policy Research

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“…In Argentina, NGOs installed a tent as an alternative meeting space in protest against extractive projects [ 81 ]. NGOs held alternative climate justice conferences nearby to United Nations climate change negotiations [ 118 ]. One study documented the development of community art projects to create space to target the tobacco industry in Indonesia [ 92 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most prevalent NGO ‘inside’ strategy targeting government and/or intergovernmental actors across the studies was lobbying policymakers, identified in 54 studies [ 13 , 23 , 26 , 29 , 32 , 36 , 40 – 42 , 44 , 48 , 52 , 61 , 71 , 72 , 78 , 82 – 85 , 89 , 93 , 97 – 100 , 103 , 108 , 109 , 112 , 114 – 116 , 118 , 120 – 135 ]. NGO lobbying in the literature included through formal policy processes such as submissions [ 13 , 32 , 89 , 93 , 98 , 99 , 130 , 132 , 134 , 135 ], and informal processes such as through hallway corridor conversations with policymakers [ 97 , 128 , 132 , 133 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three studies documented NGO providing private screenings of their documentaries for policymakers and politicians in an attempt to influence regulation [ 85 , 115 , 116 ]. While a majority of the studies reported on NGO lobbying at the national level, four studies explored NGO lobbying at the intergovernmental level, including lobbying delegates at global climate change negotiations [ 118 ], the FCTC [ 97 , 133 ] and WHO [ 128 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A framework of NGO inside and outside strategies in the commercial determinants of health: findings from a narrative review

Townsend,

Johnson,

Ralston

et al. 2023

Global Health

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Background Public health scholarship has uncovered a wide range of strategies used by industry actors to promote their products and influence government regulation. Less is known about the strategies used by non-government organisations to attempt to influence commercial practices. This narrative review applies a political science typology to identify a suite of ‘inside’ and ‘outside’ strategies used by NGOs to attempt to influence the commercial determinants of health. Methods We conducted a systematic search in Web of Science, ProQuest and Scopus. Articles were eligible for inclusion if they comprised an empirical study, explicitly sought to examine ‘NGOs’, were in English, and identified at least one NGO strategy aimed at commercial and/or government policy and practice. Results One hundred forty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Eight industry sectors were identified: extractive, tobacco, food, alcohol, pharmaceuticals, weapons, textiles and asbestos, and a small number of general studies. We identified 18 types of NGO strategies, categorised according to the target (i.e. commercial actor or government actor) and type of interaction with the target (i.e. inside or outside). Of these, five NGO ‘inside’ strategies targeted commercial actors directly: 1) participation in partnerships and multistakeholder initiatives; 2) private meetings and roundtables; 3) engaging with company AGMs and shareholders; 4) collaborations other than partnerships; and 5) litigation. ‘Outside’ strategies targeting commercial actors through the mobilisation of public opinion included 1) monitoring and reporting; 2) protests at industry sites; 3) boycotts; 4) directly engaging the public; and 5) creative use of alternative spaces. Four NGO ‘inside’ strategies directly targeting government actors included: 1) lobbying; 2) drafting legislation, policies and standards; 3) providing technical support and training; and 4) litigation. NGO ‘outside’ strategies targeting government included 1) protests and public campaigns; 2) monitoring and reporting; 3) forum shifting; and 4) proposing and initiating alternative solutions. We identified three types of NGO impact: substantive, procedural, and normative. Conclusion The analysis presents a matrix of NGO strategies used to target commercial and government actors across a range of industry sectors. This framework can be used to guide examination of which NGO strategies are effective and appropriate, and which conditions enable NGO influence.

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Climate Change and Society

2020

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Climate change is one of the greatest ecological and social challenges of the twenty-first century. Sociologists have made important contributions to our knowledge of the human drivers of contemporary climate change, including better understanding of the effects of social structure and political economy on national greenhouse gas emissions, the interplay of power and politics in the corporate sector and in policy systems, and the factors that influence individual actions by citizens and consumers. Sociology is also poised to make important contributions to the study of climate justice across multiple lines of stratification, including race, class, gender, indigenous identity, sexuality and queerness, and disability, and to articulate the effects of climate change on our relationship to nonhuman species. To realize its potential to contribute to the societal discourse on climate change, sociology must become theoretically integrated, engage with other disciplines, and remain concerned with issues related to environmental and climate inequalities. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Sociology, Volume 46 is July 30, 2020. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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Civil society

Abstract: ISBN 978 1 78347 059 4 (cased) ISBN 978 1 78347 060 0 (eBook)

Cited by 3 publications

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Institutional Accountability of Nonstate Actors in the UNFCCC: Exit, Voice, and Loyalty

Institutional Accountability of Nonstate Actors in the UNFCCC: Exit, Voice, and Loyalty

A framework of NGO inside and outside strategies in the commercial determinants of health: findings from a narrative review

Climate Change and Society

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