Civic Community and Juvenile Delinquency. A Study of the Regions of Italy

The impact of social capital on crime: Evidence from the Netherlands

“…Voter turnout is hypothesized to capture civic involvement and participation in community decision making. This indicator is also used by Putnam (1993Putnam ( , 1995, Rosenfeld, Messner, and Baumer (2001) and Gatti, Tremblay, and Larocque (2003). Voluntary contributions in money terms are supposed to capture the strength of intermediate social structures such as charities, clubs and churches and could be employed as another indicator that measures the presence of social capital.…”

Social Capital and Aggressive Behavior

“…In one of the rare studies on social capital and violence outside of the US, we used Italian data and calculated an index of "civicness" (Putnam 1993) for each of the 20 administrative regions (Gatti et al 2003) and 95 provinces (Gatti et al 2002a,b). The "civicness" index included three indicators: a) voter turnouts in referendums or elections, b) the percentage of citizens over the age of 13 years who read a newspaper every day, and c) the number of recreational, sporting, and cultural associations per 100,000 inhabitants.…”

Does social capital deter youth from cheating, alcohol use, and violence in Turkey?: Bringing torpil in

“…Aggregate studies used such unit of analysis as neighborhood (Browning, Feinberg, & Dietz, 2004;Martin, 2002;Putnam, 2001;Sampson, Raudenbush, & Earls, 1997), county (Beyerlein & Hipp, 2005;Lee & Bartkowski, 2004a, 2004bLee & Ousey, 2005), region (Gatti, Tremblay, & Larocque, 2003;Messner, Baumer, & Rosenfeld, 2004;Rosenfeld, Messner, & Baumer, 2001), state (Galea, Karpatti, & Kennedy, 2002;Kennedy, Kawachi, Prothrow-Stith, Lochner, & Gupta, 1998;Putnam, 2001), or across countries (Lederman, Loayza, & Menendez, 2002). The dependent variable was mostly violence (homicide).…”

“…These studies utilized very few social capital measures which were only trust and membership in civic organizations. Studies on the link between social capital and crime at the aggregate level were generally done in the United States (with the exception of Gatti et al, 2003). The findings of the aggregate studies tended to show that an increase in social capital was related to a decrease in the crime rate.…”