Civiale, stones and statistics: the dawn of evidence‐based medicine

Herr, Harry W.

doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.2009.08529.x

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…But a recent paper in Kidney International projected using computer models that a 10 % rise in the prevalence rate might be expected in the next half century with a corresponding 25 % cost in health-care expenditure [ 97 ]. It is appropriate to conclude this chapter with a quote from another history paper notably on Civiale [ 99 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology

Moran¹

2013

Urolithiasis

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology

Moran¹

2013

Urolithiasis

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“…But by the time his book was printed, the glorious era of perineal lithotomy had ended. The famous Jean Civiale (1792-1867) had introduced the new technique of lithotripsy in Paris 5 years earlier [98][99][100][101][102][103], initiating the first minimally invasive procedure to conquer the world. This led to the well-known dispute between Kern and Civale throughout the literature [104].…”

Section: Lithotomy and Lithotripsy In Vienna About 1850: The State Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer of Knowledge in Urology: A Case Study of Jacob Eduard Polak (1818–1891) and the Introduction of Contemporary Techniques of Lithotomy and Lithotripsy from Vienna to Persia in the Mid-19th Century: A New Analysis of Scientific Papers from the 19th Century

et al. 2018

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The middle of the 19th century marks the beginning of a global process of science and knowledge transfer from Europe to the rest of the world. During the phase of globalization, Austrian physician and ethnographer Jacob E. Polak (1818–1891) played a key role in the transmission of practical and scientific reasoning, leading to the development of medical science and clinical care in Persia. In 1851, Polak was commissioned by the Persian court to work as an academic teacher at the first secular institution of higher learning in Teheran, the Dār al-Fonūn. After 4 years of teaching and working as a doctor and surgeon, Polak was appointed personal physician to the Qājār king, Nāṣer-ad-Dīn Shāh (r. 1848–1896). During Polak’s 9 year stay in Persia, he performed numerous surgical operations with specific focus on lithotomies on men and women of all ages. He documented each operation and collected samples of bladder calculi for the purpose of chemical analysis. After his return to Austria, he published a detailed report on his practice of lithotomy in Persia. This extensive documentation is, we believe, the only known historical evidence that currently exists of the introduction of modern urology to Persia. This study will present Polak’s role as a pioneer of modern medicine and lithotomy, and will examine how he introduced the latest achievements of Viennese medicine in the field of operative urology to Persia.

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“…Lithotrity involved ''bruising,'' ''crushing,'' or otherwise fragmenting a bladder stone for removal through the urethra without cutting through the bladder wall. The uniqueness of the lithotrity procedure was its less invasive nature in removing stones from the bladder compared with lithotomy (cutting through the bladder wall) (Herr, 2009;Kiefer, 1968). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Big Data in the 1800s in surgical science: A social history of early large data set development in urologic surgery in Paris and Glasgow

Mazur

2014

Big Data & Society

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Big Data'' in health and medicine in the 21st century differs from ''Big Data'' used in health and medicine in the 1700s and 1800s. However, the old data sets share one key component: large numbers. The term ''Big Data'' is not synonymous with large numbers. Large numbers are a key component of Big Data in health and medicine, both for understanding the full range of how a disease presents in a human for diagnosis, and for understanding if one treatment of a disease is better than another treatment or better than just leaving the patient on his or her own without therapy. In this paper, we examine the first considerations of Big Data in medicine in Paris in the early 1800s when urologic surgeon Jean Civiale collected the first large numbers. Civiale collected the large numbers to defend the efficacy of his urologic instrument, the lithotrite, and the surgical procedure he developed, lithotrity, for the removal of bladder stones compared with earlier, more invasive surgical approaches. We examine how large numbers were adjudicated in social decision-making in the Académie des sciences, Paris, when a dispute arose among French urologic surgeons about the importance of large numbers in surgical science. After Civiale's successful defense of his instrument and procedure in Paris, we examine how his approach to Big Data (large numbers) impacted data collection by George Buchanan in his use of the procedure at the Royal Hospital Infirmary in Glasgow.

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Civiale, stones and statistics: the dawn of evidence‐based medicine

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Epidemiology

Epidemiology

Transfer of Knowledge in Urology: A Case Study of Jacob Eduard Polak (1818–1891) and the Introduction of Contemporary Techniques of Lithotomy and Lithotripsy from Vienna to Persia in the Mid-19th Century: A New Analysis of Scientific Papers from the 19th Century

Big Data in the 1800s in surgical science: A social history of early large data set development in urologic surgery in Paris and Glasgow

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