Citrus Waste Recovery for Sustainable Nutrition and Health

Fernández-Fernández, Adriana Maite; Dellacassa, Eduardo; Medrano-Fernández, Alejandra; Castillo, M. Dolores del

doi:10.1002/9781119534167.ch7

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…Essential oils from the C. limon peel revealed a resilient antifungal effect on oral candidiasis fungus ( Candida albicans ) because the C. limon peel contains terpenoids that prevent ergosterol synthesis and destroy the fungal cell wall (extinguish cell membrane permeability) [ 108 ]. Also, citrus wastes contain complex polysaccharide content and coloring material, which are widely used by soft drink/beverage industries as clouding agents [ 109 ]. Moreover, the citrus segment membrane, peel, and other by-products are dried and used as raw material to extract pelletization or pectin in animal feed [ 110 ].…”

Section: Therapeutic Applications Of Citrus Fruits and Potential Usage Of Citrus Wastesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Metabolites in Primitive, Wild, and Cultivated Citrus and Their Role in Stress Tolerance

Rao

Duan

et al. 2021

Molecules

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The genus Citrus contains a vast range of antioxidant metabolites, dietary metabolites, and antioxidant polyphenols that protect plants from unfavorable environmental conditions, enhance their tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses, and possess multiple health-promoting effects in humans. This review summarizes various antioxidant metabolites such as organic acids, amino acids, alkaloids, fatty acids, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, tocopherols, terpenoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids, and anthocyanins that are distributed in different citrus species. Among these antioxidant metabolites, flavonoids are abundantly present in primitive, wild, and cultivated citrus species and possess the highest antioxidant activity. We demonstrate that the primitive and wild citrus species (e.g., Atalantia buxifolia and C. latipes) have a high level of antioxidant metabolites and are tolerant to various abiotic and biotic stresses compared with cultivated citrus species (e.g., C. sinensis and C. reticulata). Additionally, we highlight the potential usage of citrus wastes (rag, seeds, fruit peels, etc.) and the health-promoting properties of citrus metabolites. Furthermore, we summarize the genes that are involved in the biosynthesis of antioxidant metabolites in different citrus species. We speculate that the genome-engineering technologies should be used to confirm the functions of candidate genes that are responsible for the accumulation of antioxidant metabolites, which will serve as an alternative tool to breed citrus cultivars with increased antioxidant metabolites.

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Section: Therapeutic Applications Of Citrus Fruits and Potential Usage Of Citrus Wastesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Metabolites in Primitive, Wild, and Cultivated Citrus and Their Role in Stress Tolerance

Rao

Duan

et al. 2021

Molecules

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“…Its dietary fiber consists of cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose, and lignin which plays an important role in maintaining a balanced dietary fiber intake. The citrus peel fiber is comparatively better than cereal fibers due to its higher soluble dietary fiber ratio and the presence of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, polyphenols, carotenoids, and vitamin C [33]. Dietary fiber originated from fruit by-product have also been associated with antioxidant properties which can be unbounded by heat treatments to improve the polyphenolic content such as in gastrointestinal digestion [63].…”

Section: Nutraceuticalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regular consumption of dietary fiber also helps in the prevention, reduction, and treatment of various chronic diseases, such as, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, and also cancer [64]. In addition, citrus fiber also lowers blood triglycerides which help in glucose homeostasis [33]. The citrus peel is also beneficial to health due to their antioxidant properties as well as their capability to retain a high amount of water and oil [65].…”

Section: Nutraceuticalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Value-Added Metabolites from Agricultural Waste and Application of Green Extraction Techniques

et al. 2021

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The agricultural sector generates approximately 1300 million tonnes of waste annually, where up to 50% comprising of raw material are discarded without treatment. Economic development and rising living standards have increased the quantity and complexity of waste generated resulting in environmental, health and economic issues. This calls for a greener waste management system such as valorization or recovery of waste into products. For successful implementation, social acceptance is an essential component with involvement of all local stakeholders including community to learn and understand the process and objective of the implementation. The agricultural waste product manufacturing industry is expected to increase with the growing demand for organic food. Thus, proper livestock and crop waste management is vital for environmental protection. It will be essential to successfully convert waste into a sustainable product that is reusable and circulated in the system in line with the green concept of circular economy. This review identifies the commercially produced crops by-product that have been considered for valorization and implemented green extraction for recovery. We highlight the importance of social acceptance and the economic value to agricultural waste recycling. Successful implementation of these technologies will overcome current waste management problems, reduce environmental impacts of landfills, and sustainability issue for farm owners.

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“…Based on economic and production values, citrus is one of the most extensive fruit crops in the world (Fava et al 2013;Xie et al 2018;Fernández-Fernández et al 2020), particularly citrus essential oils (CEOs) which are extracted from the peel of citrus fruits, are the most widely used essential oils in the world (Bousbia et al 2009;Kharbach et al 2020). CEOs contain a variety of volatile components which provide its unique odour, widely used in the field of medicine, cosmetics, detergents and fabric conditioners (Li et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2018; Fernández‐Fernández et al . 2020), particularly citrus essential oils (CEOs) which are extracted from the peel of citrus fruits, are the most widely used essential oils in the world (Bousbia et al . 2009; Kharbach et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioproduction of α‐terpineol and R‐(+)‐limonene derivatives by terpene‐tolerant ascomycete fungus as a potential contribution to the citrus value chain

Velázquez

Sadañoski

Zapata

et al. 2020

J. Appl. Microbiol.

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Aims: The aims of this article were to select fungal species with high tolerance and high growth rate in mediums supplemented with limonene and citrus essential oils (CEOs), and to test the bioconversion capability of the chosen isolates for the bioproduction of aroma compounds. Methods and Results: Based on the use of predictive mycology, 21 of 29 isolates were selected after assaying R-(+)-limonene and CEO tolerance (10 g l −1). With a dendrogram divisive coefficient of 0Á937, the subcluster two with isolates Aspergillus niger LBM 055, Penicillium sp. LBM 150, Penicillium sp. LBM 151 and Penicillium sp. LBM 154 gathered the highest tolerance and mycelia growth speed. Ultrastructural analysis indicated that culture media containing limonene had no visible toxic activity that could promote morphological changes in the fungal cell wall. The biomass of A. niger LBM055 was distinctive in liquid media supplemented with R-(+)-limonene (0Á57 AE 0Á07 g) and it was selected to prove bioconversion capacity, under static and agitated conditions, and converted up to 98% of limonene, yielding a wide variety of products that were quantified by GC-FID. It was obtained at molecular weights less than limonene (64-100%), between limonene and αterpineol (12-72%) and greater than α-terpineol (2-48%). Conclusions: Aspergillus niger LBM 055, Penicillium sp. LBM 150, Penicillium sp. LBM 151 and Penicillium sp. LBM 154 showed to the highest tolerance and growth rate in mediums supplemented with R-(+)-limonene and orange and lemon essential oils. Particularly, A. niger LBM055, showed limonene bioconversion capability and produced different molecular weights compounds such us α-terpineol. Significance and Impact of the Study: Different bioproducts can be obtained by changing operative condition with the same fungus, and this bioprocess aspect is a significant approach to be adopted on industrial scale leading to the creation of new natural flavours and fragrance compositions.

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Citrus Waste Recovery for Sustainable Nutrition and Health

Cited by 12 publications

References 123 publications

Antioxidant Metabolites in Primitive, Wild, and Cultivated Citrus and Their Role in Stress Tolerance

Antioxidant Metabolites in Primitive, Wild, and Cultivated Citrus and Their Role in Stress Tolerance

Value-Added Metabolites from Agricultural Waste and Application of Green Extraction Techniques

Bioproduction of α‐terpineol and R‐(+)‐limonene derivatives by terpene‐tolerant ascomycete fungus as a potential contribution to the citrus value chain

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