Citrus Peelminer Insecticide Efficacy Trials, 2003

Grafton-Cardwell, Elizabeth E.; Reagan, Christopher A.

doi:10.1093/amt/29.1.d10

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…In these studies, dißubenzuron and pyriproxyfen, cyßuthrin and fenpropathrin, imidacloprid and acetamiprid, and spinosad were shown to signiÞcantly reduce the percentage of egg hatch, which is essential for preventing rind damage. The efÞcacy of these materials in the Þeld is limited due to the larvae being protected by the mine and the difÞculty in obtaining thorough coverage as a result of rapid fruit growth and dense canopy Grafton-Cardwell and Reagan 2004). Degree-day units could be used to better time treatments and so maximize the effectiveness of these insecticides.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Thresholds and Degree-Day Model for Marmara gulosa (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

et al. 2011

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The developmental thresholds for Marmara gulosa Guillén & Davis (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) were investigated in the laboratory by using 17, 21, 25, 29, and 33 degrees C. The lowest mortality occurred in cohorts exposed to 25 and 29 degrees C. Other temperatures caused >10% mortality primarily in egg and first and second instar sap-feeding larvae. Linear regression analysis approximated the lower developmental threshold at 12.2 degrees C. High mortality and slow developmental rate at 33 degrees C indicate the upper developmental threshold is near this temperature. The degree-day (DD) model indicated that a generation requires an accumulation of 322 DD for development from egg to adult emergence. Average daily temperatures in the San Joaquin Valley could produce up to seven generations of M. gulosa per year. Field studies documented two, five, and three overlapping generations of M. gulosa in walnuts (Juglans regia L.; Juglandaceae), pummelos (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.; Rutaceae), and oranges (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck; Rutaceae), for a total of seven observed peelminer generations. Degree-day units between generations averaged 375 DD for larvae infesting walnut twigs; however, availability of green wood probably affected timing of infestations. Degree-day units between larval generations averaged 322 for pummelos and 309 for oranges, confirming the laboratory estimation. First infestation of citrus occurred in June in pummelo fruit and August in orange fruit when fruit neared 60 mm in diameter. Fruit size and degree-day units could be used as management tools to more precisely time insecticide treatments to target the egg stage and prevent rind damage to citrus. Degree-day units also could be used to more precisely time natural enemy releases to target larval instars that are preferred for oviposition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Thresholds and Degree-Day Model for Marmara gulosa (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

et al. 2011

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“…In the central San Joaquin Valley, M. gulosa was a minor pest of grapefruit for many years, but since 1999 it has expanded its host range to include pum melo; several thin-skinned navel orange varieties, in cluding ÔFukumotoÕ, ÔThompson ImprovedÕ, ÔPowellÕ, and ÔAtwoodÕ; and it has attacked these and other crops, such as walnuts, grapes, cotton, and beans to a greater extent than observed previously (Godfrey et al 2003;Grafton-Cardwell et al 2003).…”

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confidence: 95%

“…Mining by a single larva can damage up to 25% of the fruit surface, rendering the fruit unacceptable for the fresh fruit market (Guillé n et al 2003). Larvae remain protected for almost their entire development within the mines (Atkins 1961, Guillé n et al 2001, limiting the effec tiveness of chemical control (Grafton-Cardwell et al 2003). There are seven generations per year (OÕNeal 2007) in the central San Joaquin Valley of California, and typically three to four generations cause damage to citrus crops.…”

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confidence: 99%

Novel Lepidopteran Sex Pheromone Components From <I>Marmara gulosa</I> (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

McElfresh

Moreira

Grafton-Cardwell

et al. 2009

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Marmara gulosa Guillé n & Davis (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) is a sporadic pest of citrus and a number of other crops in southern and central California. Coupled gas chromatographic electroantennogram detection analyses of headspace volatiles collected by solid phase microextrac tion from virgin female moths revealed at least four related compounds in the extracts that elicited signiÞcant antennal responses from antennae of male moths. These compounds were identiÞed as (8E,10E)-tetradecadien-1-ol, and the corresponding aldehyde, acetate, and formate ester, represent ing the Þrst report of a formate as a lepidopteran pheromone component. The four compounds were consistently found in headspace volatiles collected from virgin female moths from different regions of the state and from M. gulosa collected from different host plants (citrus and squash). Repeated Þeld trials determined that the formate ester alone was as attractive or more attractive than any blend of the formate with one or more of the remaining compounds. Although large numbers of moths were caught in some Þeld trials, trap catches were not consistent. Thus, the pheromone may be useful for detection of the moth and setting an initial bioÞx, but it remains unclear whether the pheromone can be used as a reliable and accurate tool for monitoring densities of M. gulosa populations.

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“…In an effort to combat this pest, a number of field trials were conducted to determine which insecticides might be used to protect citrus fruit 6, 7. Single applications of insecticides were found to reduce the level of mining of the surface area of fruit but had little impact on the percentage of fruit infested 6.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of citrus peelminer Marmara gulosa Guillén and Davis (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) stages to various insecticides

Grafton-Cardwell

Montez

Reagan

et al. 2008

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: Egg and larval stages of citrus peelminer Marmara gulosa Guillén and Davis infesting zucchini squash Cucurbita pepo L. var ‘Revenue’ were exposed in the laboratory to a wide range of insecticide classes used in California citrus (organophosphate, carbamate, pyrethroid, neonicotinoid, insect growth regulator, fermentation products and sulfur) to determine peelminer response with and without a non‐ionic adjuvant or oil. RESULTS: All of the insecticides tested except sulfur reduced egg hatch and mine initiation. When the larval stage was treated, only buprofezin failed to reduce larval and pupal development. Cyfluthrin and spinosad, with the addition of adjuvant or oil, and abamectin combined with oil allowed no survivors at 7 days after treatment (DAT). The slower‐acting insect growth regulators pyriproxyfen and diflubenzuron applied in combination with adjuvant or oil allowed no survival of peelminer 21 DAT. A field trial showed 62.6–68.5% reduction in mined citrus fruit after two applications of diflubenzuron and no significant improvement of control with the addition of cyfluthrin. CONCLUSION: Bioassays indicate that M. gulosa is relatively susceptible to a wide range of insecticide classes in the laboratory. Lack of efficacy experienced in field trials would then be due to characteristics of the fruit or canopy that limit coverage, rather than to the effectiveness of the insecticides. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry

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Citrus Peelminer Insecticide Efficacy Trials, 2003

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Temperature Thresholds and Degree-Day Model for Marmara gulosa (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

Temperature Thresholds and Degree-Day Model for Marmara gulosa (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

Novel Lepidopteran Sex Pheromone Components From <I>Marmara gulosa</I> (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

Response of citrus peelminer Marmara gulosa Guillén and Davis (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) stages to various insecticides

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