Citrus Genus and Its Waste Utilization: A Review on Health-Promoting Activities and Industrial Application

Khan, Usman Mir; Sameen, Aysha; Aadil, Rana Muhammad; Shahid, Muhammad; Sezen, Serap; Zarrabi, Ali; Özdemir, Betül; Sevindik, Mustafa; Kaplan, Dilara Nur; Selamoğlu, Zeliha; Ydyrys, Alibek; Anitha, T.; Kumar, Manoj; Sharifi‐Rad, Javad; Butnariu, Monica

doi:10.1155/2021/2488804

Cited by 63 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…Inclusion of greater amounts of fruits and berries, especially citrus fruits, in the human diet is suggested to help in cancer prevention and to suppress cancer growth [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. The main active compounds of fruits are the polyphenolic compound flavonoids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naringin and Naringenin: Their Mechanisms of Action and the Potential Anticancer Activities

Stabrauskiene

Kopustinskienė²,

Lažauskas³

et al. 2022

Biomedicines

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Naringin and naringenin are the main bioactive polyphenols in citrus fruits, the consumption of which is beneficial for human health and has been practiced since ancient times. Numerous studies have reported these substances’ antioxidant and antiandrogenic properties, as well as their ability to protect from inflammation and cancer, in various in vitro and in vivo experimental models in animals and humans. Naringin and naringenin can suppress cancer development in various body parts, alleviating the conditions of cancer patients by acting as effective alternative supplementary remedies. Their anticancer activities are pleiotropic, and they can modulate different cellular signaling pathways, suppress cytokine and growth factor production and arrest the cell cycle. In this narrative review, we discuss the effects of naringin and naringenin on inflammation, apoptosis, proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis and invasion processes and their potential to become innovative and safe anticancer drugs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naringin and Naringenin: Their Mechanisms of Action and the Potential Anticancer Activities

Stabrauskiene

Kopustinskienė²,

Lažauskas³

et al. 2022

Biomedicines

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“…Citrus is the most widely farmed fruit in the agro‐industrial world. It is high in antioxidants and shows anti‐microbial, anti‐cancer, anti‐diabetic, anti‐platelet aggregation, and anti‐inflammatory properties because of flavonoids, terpenes, carotenoids, limonoids, and many other nutraceutical bioactive chemicals (Khan et al ., 2021). Citrus peel has a greater essential oil concentration than citrus fruit since it is a by‐product of citrus processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citrus peel waste essential oil: Chemical composition along with anti‐amylase and anti‐glucosidase potential

Koochi

Jahromi

Kavoosi

et al. 2022

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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The most common waste in citrus processing is their skin, which contains high amounts of essential oil. The antioxidant, anti-glucosidase, and anti-amylase properties of essential oils extracted from fresh bitter orange, lime, lemon, pomelo, grapefruit, mandarin, and sweet orange peels were examined. Linalool (18.26%-29.08%), limonene (17.08%-22.44%), linalool acetate (17.17%-30.47%), a-terpineol (6.08%-11.06%), geraniol (2.05%-6.30%), b-ocimene (1.52%-5.02%), nerolidol (2.93%-4.00%), b-pinene (2.71%-3.29%), farnesol (2.08%-2.97%), and geranyl acetate (1.89%-2.80%) were found to be the primary components of citrus peel essential oil. Citrus peel essential oil displayed a good antioxidant capacity ranging from 375 to 643 mg Trolox equivalent/g. Citrus peel essential oils strongly inhibit amylase (520 to 738 mg acarbose equivalent/g) and glucosidase (475 to 780 mg acarbose equivalent/g). According to kinetic analysis, fluorescence quenching, and ultraviolet absorption, citrus peel essential oils inhibit amylase and glucosidase with a mixed competitive, non-competitive, and uncompetitive manner. Some citrus varieties have long been used to treat diabetes and obesity. While citrus fruits are consumed worldwide, the citrus peel is typically discarded; hence, using the citrus peel in the culinary and medical industries might have a positive economic impact on managing diabetes.

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“…Carbohydrates, such as mannans, galactans, arabinans, arabinogalactans, and pectic substances, are indigestible, and fermentable fiber could have prebiotic effects. In general, prebiotics, initially defined as nonviable food components that confer a health benefit to the host associated with modulation of the microbiota, are carbohydrate-like compounds that can be used to support or modify the composition of the microbiota for the benefit of human health [135]. Probiotics, on the other hand, are a group of microorganisms that work in close contact with the intestinal microbiome [136].…”

Section: Involvement Of Aloe Vera With the Intestinal Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of the Intestinal Microbiota in the Appearance of Multiple Sclerosis: Aloe vera and Citrus bergamia as Potential Candidates for Intestinal Health

et al. 2022

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological and inflammatory autoimmune disease of the Central Nervous System in which selective activation of T and B lymphocytes prompts a reaction against myelin, inducing demyelination and axonal loss. Although MS is recognized to be an autoimmune pathology, the specific causes are many; thus, to date, it has been considered a disorder resulting from environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals. Among the environmental factors hypothetically involved in MS, nutrition seems to be well related, although the role of nutritional factors is still unclear. The gut of mammals is home to a bacterial community of about 2000 species known as the “microbiota”, whose composition changes throughout the life of each individual. There are five bacterial phylas that make up the microbiota in healthy adults: Firmicutes (79.4%), Bacteroidetes (16.9%), Actinobacteria (2.5%), Proteobacteria (1%) and Verrucomicrobia (0.1%). The diversity and abundance of microbial populations justifies a condition known as eubiosis. On the contrary, the state of dysbiosis refers to altered diversity and abundance of the microbiota. Many studies carried out in the last few years have demonstrated that there is a relationship between the intestinal microflora and the progression of multiple sclerosis. This correlation was also demonstrated by the discovery that patients with MS, treated with specific prebiotics and probiotics, have greatly increased bacterial diversity in the intestinal microbiota, which might be otherwise reduced or absent. In particular, natural extracts of Aloe vera and bergamot fruits, rich in polyphenols and with a high percentage of polysaccharides (mostly found in indigestible and fermentable fibers), appear to be potential candidates to re-equilibrate the gut microbiota in MS patients. The present review article aims to assess the pathophysiological mechanisms that reveal the role of the microbiota in the development of MS. In addition, the potential for supplementing patients undergoing early stages of MS with Aloe vera as well as bergamot fibers, on top of conventional drug treatments, is discussed.

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Citrus Genus and Its Waste Utilization: A Review on Health-Promoting Activities and Industrial Application

Cited by 63 publications

References 131 publications

Naringin and Naringenin: Their Mechanisms of Action and the Potential Anticancer Activities

Naringin and Naringenin: Their Mechanisms of Action and the Potential Anticancer Activities

Citrus peel waste essential oil: Chemical composition along with anti‐amylase and anti‐glucosidase potential

Involvement of the Intestinal Microbiota in the Appearance of Multiple Sclerosis: Aloe vera and Citrus bergamia as Potential Candidates for Intestinal Health

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