Citric Acid Fermentation

Kubicek, Christian P.; Röhr, M.; Rehm, Hans‐Jürgen

doi:10.3109/07388558509150788

Cited by 220 publications

(77 citation statements)

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“…A positive control of phosphofructokinase by ammonium ions, enabling supply of citrate synthase by acetyl-Co A and oxaloacetate, even a possible repression of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase through high glucose and ammonium concentration (Kubicek and Röhr, 1978;Röhr et al 1983), or inhibition of its activity by oxaloacetate (MeixnerMonori et al 1985) doesn't explain completely intracellular accumulation and secretion of citric acid. Cis-aconitate has also been assumed to inactivate the only irreversible reaction of tricarboxylic acid cycle (Kubicek and Röhr 1986). The increasing concentration of α-ketoglutarate caused by oxaloacetate inhibition, inhibits isocitrate dehydrogenase and thus a further α-ketoglutarate formation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Continuous citric acid secretion by a high specific pH dependent active transport system in yeast Candida oleophila ATCC 20177

Anastassiadis¹,

Rehm²

2005

Electron. J. Biotechnol.

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The pH influence on continuous citric acid secretion was investigated in Candida oleophila ATCC 20177 (var.) under NH 4 + limiting state steady conditions, using glucose. Highest citric acid concentration of 57.8 g/l, citrate/isocitrate ratio of 15.6, space-time yield of 0.96 g/(l x hr) and biomass specific productivity of 0.041 g/(g x hr) were obtained at pH 5 and 60 hrs residence time. Only 22.8 g/l (39.4%) and a ratio of 9.9 were achieved at pH 6 pH and 12.4 g/l (21.5%) and a ratio of 3.7 at pH 3. Under non producing conditions, in excess of nitrogen, biomass concentration increased at raising pH. An iron concentration of 200 ppm was determined in biomass of C. oleophila at pH 5, compared with only 26 ppm found at pH 3 (factor 7.7). Intra-and extracellular concentrations of citrates and glucose confirmed the existence of a high specific, pH dependent active transport system for citrate secretion, while isocitrate isn't a high-affine substrate, displaying a strong correlation with ATP/ADP ratio. Differences between extra-and intracellular concentration of citrate higher than 1 and up to about 60 were determined. The active transport systemfor citrate excretion appears to be the main speed-determining factor in citrate overproduction by yeasts.Although citric acid production using mutant strains of A. niger or yeast strains has almost been extensively optimised, there is still no comprehensive explanation for citrate overproduction, and many aspects related to citrate accumulation and secretion remain unclear. There are many *Corresponding author similarities between A. niger and yeast strains in mechanism of citric acid synthesis, however, differences still exist in terms of triggering out and regulation of citrate overproduction. Many models have been developed describing the biochemistry of citrate synthesis, using glucose and other carbon sources, however a complete picture of formation pathway, regulation and secretion has not been described.Overproduction of citric acid in moulds and yeast has been reported to be triggered out by limitations of certain elements, like N, P, Mn, Fe or Zn, essential for citrate accumulation in A. niger (Shu and Johnson, 1948a;Shu and Johnson, 1948b;Noguchi and Johnson, 1961; Kisser et al. 1980; Kapoor et al. 1982;Kristiansen et al. 1982;Crueger and Crueger, 1989;Dawson and Maddox, 1989;Grewal and Kalra, 1995), as well as N, P, S and Mg in yeasts Yarrowia lipolytica and Candida oleophila (Lozinov et al. 1974;Behrens et al. 1987; Stottmeister and Hoppe, 1991;Anastassiadis, 1994;Anastassiadis et al. 2001;Anastassiadis et al. 2002; Anastassiadis et al. 2004). The yeasts can use various carbon sources for the formation of citric acid (Ikeno et al. 1975; Stottmeister and Hoppe, 1991;Grewal and Kalra, 1995; Mansfeld et al. 1995;Crolla and Kennedy, 2001;Crolla and Kennedy, 2004;Venter et al. 2004) or lipid production (Papanikolaou and Aggelis, 2002). Intracellular nitrogen limitation and low intracellular nitrogen content (Briffaud and Engasser, 1979;Moresi, 1994;Anastassiadis et...

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confidence: 99%

Continuous citric acid secretion by a high specific pH dependent active transport system in yeast Candida oleophila ATCC 20177

Anastassiadis¹,

Rehm²

2005

Electron. J. Biotechnol.

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“…Using disaccharides, sucrose, as carbon source gave higher yield of citric acid compared with monosaccharides, glucose. According to Kubicek and R?hr (1989) the extracellular mycelium of A. niger bound invertase which at low pH becomes active and rapidly hydrolyzes sucrose to glucose and fructose,2monosaccharides. Using sugar industrial byproducts, sugar beet molasses and cane bagasse as carbon source in fermentation medium gave lower yield of citric acid comparing with using sucrose, (Table 2 and Fig.2).…”

Section: Methods Fermentation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Some Sugar Industrial by- Products and Fructan Storing Crops for Bioproduction of Citric Acid

2010

Alexandria Science Exchange Journal: An International Quarterly

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Two sugar industrial by-products, cane bagasse SCB and sugar beet molasses SBM along with two fructan storing crops ,chicory roots CR and Jerusalem artichoke tubers JA , alone or after mixing were utilized as a carbon source in fermentation medium to produce citric acid by Aspergillus niger strain GQ890276. It was found that the proximate composition and total sugars content of these agro-materials played a role in terms of citric acid production . Moisture ranged from 6.55 to 23.15%; crude fat from zero to 1.55%; crude protein from 3.27 to 8.53%; crude fiber from zero to 47.46% , ash from3.29 to 8.93% ,nitrogen free extract from 44.83 to 87.06 % and total sugar 8.11 to 87.06% among these materials. The fermentation media either containing mixture of CR +SCB and/or CR as carbon source gave high citric acid yield after 7 days of fermentation comparing with other used carbon sources. The citric acid yield was 59.36 g/L in CR +SCB medium .It was 87.80% when calculation was based on the amount of consumed fermentable sugars. Also this media gave the high biomass ( 22.90 g/L) yield.

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“…Estuda-se o uso da manipueira, resíduo lí-quido resultante do processo de fabricação da farinha de mandioca ou da extração da fécula, como substrato para biossíntese de ácido cítrico, visto que apresenta características físico-químicas favoráveis ao crescimento do fungo Aspergillus niger (KUBICEK & ROHR, 1986) com alto potencial de rendimento na conversão.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Manipueira como substrato na biossíntese de ácido cítrico por Aspergillus niger

Leonel

Cerada

1995

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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RESUMO: O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a viabilidade do uso da manipueira, residuo líquido resultante da prensagem da massa ralada de mandioca, como substrato na biossíntese de ácido cítrico por Aspergillus niger. Os meios de manipueira foram comparados nas mesmas condições de temperatura, a meios sintéticos, utilizados tradicionalmente. Em se tratando de proposta de um novo substrato, foi estudado o armazenamento do resíduo a temperatura ambiente por 72 horas, e realizada a caracterização físico-química da manipueira e dos meios elaborados com esse substrato. Foi avaliada a produção de ácido cítrico nos meios sintéticos e de manipueira. Verificou-se que a produção de ácido cítrico não diferiu quanto ao meio. Não foi observado crescimento do microrganismo nos meios de manipueira com concentra- INTRODUÇÃOAtualmente, o ácido cítrico é quase que exclusivamente obtido através de processos de biossíntese utilizando como agente biológico o fungo imperfeito Aspergillus niger. Dois processos são utilizados na biossíntese deste ácido, o de superfície e o submerso, que se diferenciam essencialmente pelo modo de crescimento do microrganismo.O ácido cítrico é utilizado em grande escala pelas indústrias de alimentos, refrigerantes, produtos farmacêuticos, além de outras em que o íon citrato propicia a formação de uma variedade de moléculas complexas que possuem a capacidade de seqüestrar e inativar íons metabólicos. Devido a isto, controlam efeitos indesejáveis numa reação, que poderiam ocasionar alterações de cor, aparência, estabilidade, etc., prejudicando o produto final (CABELLO, 1991).Um dos problemas enfrentados na produção de ácido cítrico por bolores é o custo do processo, onde o substrato representa um alto percentual. Na tentativa de diminuir esse custo no processo, temse utilizado resíduos industriais como componente do meio de cultivo para microrganismos.Estuda-se o uso da manipueira, resíduo lí-quido resultante do processo de fabricação da farinha de mandioca ou da extração da fécula, como substrato para biossíntese de ácido cítrico, visto que apresenta características físico-químicas favoráveis

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Citric Acid Fermentation

Cited by 220 publications

References 121 publications

Continuous citric acid secretion by a high specific pH dependent active transport system in yeast Candida oleophila ATCC 20177

Continuous citric acid secretion by a high specific pH dependent active transport system in yeast Candida oleophila ATCC 20177

Utilization of Some Sugar Industrial by- Products and Fructan Storing Crops for Bioproduction of Citric Acid

Manipueira como substrato na biossíntese de ácido cítrico por Aspergillus niger

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