Citric acid and bone metabolism

Dixon, T. F.; Perkins, H. R.

doi:10.1042/bj0520260

Cited by 87 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…It was proposed that the presence of citrate in this complex would serve to increase the solubility of the calcium-phosphate complex. Dixon and Perkins in 1953 [10] concluded that “ The facts make it seem likely that calcification mechanisms may be influenced by the amount of citrate present in the circulating fluids and at the site of calcification… The mechanism for the production of a local high concentration of citric acid therefore exists in bone. Such citric acid may be co-precipitated with calcium phosphate during its deposition, in which case it may influence the amount of deposition by holding up calcium in a complex form.…”

Section: What Is the Role Of Citrate In Bone?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early metabolic studies [e.g. 4, 10, 11] demonstrated that the concentration of citrate increased in “crude” bone preparations over time. This resulted from the de novo synthesis of citrate from precursor substrates coupled to the limited oxidation of citrate.…”

Section: The Source Of Citrate In Bone Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some early studies had recognized that impaired oxidation of citrate was involved in bone citrate production; but the prevailing view [such as 4, 10, 11] was that limited isocitrate dehydrogenase was the cause of decreased citrate oxidation although this was never established. Our studies established that inhibited m-aconitase activity is the reaction that limits citrate oxidation and permits the accumulation of citrate in prostate cells.…”

Section: The Implications Of Zinc In Net Citrate Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Important Role of Osteoblasts and Citrate Production in Bone Formation: “Osteoblast Citration” as a New Concept for an Old Relationship

Costello

Franklin²,

Reynolds

et al. 2012

TOBONEJ

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It has been known for about seventy years that bone, in all vertebrates, contains uniquely high citrate levels. However, the role of citrate, its source, its regulation, and its implication in normal bone formation and in bone disorders have remained largely unknown. For the past thirty-five years, the relationship of citrate in bone has been a neglected area of attention and research. It has recently been discovered that citrate is critical for the structure of the apatite nanocrystal, and is required to impart the important properties of bone such as its stability, strength, and resistance to fracture. This brings to focus the need for a renewed interest and research into the relationships of citrate in bone formation. A most fundamental question that must be resolved is “What is the source of citrate in bone?”. This presentation provides a historical review of the early research to the present status of citrate implications in bone. This leads to a new concept of the role of osteoblasts as specialized citrate producing cells that provide the source of citrate in bone formation; i.e. the “osteoblast citration” process. This also brings into focus a new insight into the role of zinc in bone in relation to osteoblast citrate production. The genetic/hormonal/metabolic relationships of “net citrate production” are described. The intent of this presentation is to provide the background for a new perspective of the important implications of osteoblasts and citrate in bone formation; which, hopefully, will stimulate a renewed interest and essential research.

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Section: What Is the Role Of Citrate In Bone?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Source Of Citrate In Bone Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Implications Of Zinc In Net Citrate Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Important Role of Osteoblasts and Citrate Production in Bone Formation: “Osteoblast Citration” as a New Concept for an Old Relationship

Costello

Franklin²,

Reynolds

et al. 2012

TOBONEJ

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“…It is possible that aerobic glycolysis is necessary to fulfill the specific metabolic needs of osteoblasts. For instance, osteoblasts have been long known to produce and secrete a large amount of citrate 25,26 . Citrate in bone was recently shown to be critical for the structure of the apatite nanocrystal, providing stability, strength, and resistance to fracture 27–29 .…”

Section: Aerobic Glycolysis In Osteoblastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Citrate in bone was recently shown to be critical for the structure of the apatite nanocrystal, providing stability, strength, and resistance to fracture 27–29 . The mechanism for the high citrate output by osteoblasts is not fully understood, but may be partly due to a relatively low activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) which converts isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate for the continuation of the TCA cycle 25 . In addition, the essential trace element zinc is known to attenuate the activity of aconidase, the enzyme responsible for isomerizing citrate to isocitrate, in prostate epithelial cells 30 .…”

Section: Aerobic Glycolysis In Osteoblastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerobic Glycolysis in Osteoblasts

Esen

Long

2014

Curr Osteoporos Rep

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Osteoblasts, the chief bone-making cells in the body, are a focus of osteoporosis research. Although teriparatite, a synthetic fragment of the human parathyroid hormone (PTH), has been an effective bone anabolic drug, there remains a clinical need for additional therapeutics that safely stimulates osteoblast number and function. Work in the past several decades has provided unprecedented clarity about the roles of growth factors and transcription factors in regulating osteoblast differentiation and activity, but whether these factors may regulate cellular metabolism to influence cell fate and function has been largely unexplored. The past few years have witnessed a resurgence of interest in the cellular metabolism of osteoblasts, with the hope that elucidation of their metabolic profile may open new avenues for developing bone anabolic agents. Here we review the current understanding about glucose metabolism in osteoblasts.

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Enzymic Mechanisms in the Citric Acid Cycle

Ochoa¹

1954

Advances in Enzymology - And Related Areas of Molecular Biology

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Citric acid and bone metabolism

Cited by 87 publications

References 11 publications

The Important Role of Osteoblasts and Citrate Production in Bone Formation: “Osteoblast Citration” as a New Concept for an Old Relationship

The Important Role of Osteoblasts and Citrate Production in Bone Formation: “Osteoblast Citration” as a New Concept for an Old Relationship

Aerobic Glycolysis in Osteoblasts

Enzymic Mechanisms in the Citric Acid Cycle

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